英读廊——别盯着我!为什么大多数动物不喜欢被盯着看?
2023-06-03 来源:旧番剧
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Why do most animals hate eye contact/eye locking?【译】为什么大多数动物讨厌眼睛接触/眼神锁定?【单词】animals 原型:animal ["an-uh-muhl]["nml] n. 动物【单词】hate [heyt][het] v. 憎恨;厌恶;讨厌【单词】locking 原型:lock [lok][lk] v. 固定;锁(住);抓牢
Even we humans feel uncomfortable and awkward, why is this?【译】即使是我们人类也会感到不舒服和尴尬,为什么会这样?【单词】uncomfortable [uhn-"kuhmf-tuh-buhl][n"kmftbl] adj. 不舒服的;不自在的【单词】awkward ["awk-werd]["kwd] adj. 尴尬的;笨拙的;(设计)别扭的
It induces stress.【译】它会引起压力。【单词】induces 原型:induce [in-"doos, -"dyoos][n"djus] vt. 引起;促使;劝服;引诱【单词】stress [stres][stres] n. 压力;强调;重音
Animals don"t always hate eye contact, though.【译】不过,动物并不总是讨厌眼神交流。
Although looking an unfamiliar dog in the eye will prompt aggression, when a dog makes eye contact with their owner, they get a release of oxytocin and dopamine in the brain.【译】尽管直视一只不熟悉的狗的眼睛会激发其攻击性,但当狗与主人目光接触时,它们会在大脑中释放催产素和多巴胺。【单词】unfamiliar [uhn-fuh-"mil-yer][nf"mli] adj. 不熟悉的【单词】prompt [prompt][prmpt] vt. 激起;促进;推动【单词】aggression [uh-"gresh-uhn]["ɡren] n. 进攻;
侵犯;侵害【单词】owner ["oh-ner]["n] n. 主人,所有人;物主【单词】release [ri-"lees][r"lis] n. 释放【单词】oxytocin [ok-si-"toh-suhn][ks"tsn] n. 催产素(脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种)【单词】dopamine ["doh-puh-meen]["dpmin] n. 多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物)【单词】brain [breyn][bren] n. 脑;智力
Most mammals have a facial recognition process that at least resembles our own.【译】大多数哺乳动物的面部识别过程至少和我们自己的相似。【短语】at least 至少;例句:At least, I asked him not to. 至少,我告诉过他不要这样做。【单词】mammals 原型:mammal ["mam-uhl]["mml] n. 哺乳动物【单词】facial ["fey-shuhl]["fel] adj. 脸部的;面部的【单词】recognition [rek-uhg-"nish-uhn][rekɡ"nn] n. 承认;认出【单词】resembles 原型:resemble [ri-"zem-buhl][r"zembl] v. 与…
相似;像
When they see a face they recognize, the brain says "friend," and they feel safe.【译】当它们看到一张认识的脸时,大脑会说“是朋友”,它们就会感到安全。【单词】recognize ["rek-uhg-nahyz]["rekɡnaz] vt. 承认;认出;意识到;识别【单词】safe [seyf][sef] adj. 安全的;安然无恙的;可靠的
When they see a face they don"t recognize, the brain says "stranger," and they feel threatened.【译】当看到一张不认识的脸时,大脑会说“陌生人”,它们就会感到受到威胁。【单词】stranger 原型:strange [streynj][strend] adj. 奇怪的;陌生的;生疏或不自在的【单词】threatened 原型:threaten ["thret-n]["θretn] v. 威胁;恐吓

The longer you hold their gaze, the more stressed they get, and the only way they can resolve that stress is fighting or fleeing.【译】你盯着它们看的时间越长,它们承受的压力就越大,它们解决压力的唯一方法就是战斗或逃跑。【固定用法】the more..., the more ..., 越...,就越...;注意这里的more可以是形容词或副词的比较级;例句:The more he eats, the fatter he gets. 他吃得越多,人越发胖。The more of the masses we unite with, the better. 我们联合起来的群众越多,就越有利。
【单词】gaze [geyz][ɡez] vi. 凝视 n. 凝视【单词】resolve [ri-"zolv][r"zlv] vt. 解决;决定;表决;分解【单词】fighting 原型:fight [fahyt][fat] vt. 打架;对抗 vi. 奋斗;斗争;争吵【单词】fleeing 原型:flee [flee][fli] vi. 逃走;消失;逃避;(时间)飞逝 vt. 逃离
In addition, the more social a species is, the less likely they are to take eye contact as a sign of aggression.【译】此外,一个物种的社会性越强,他们就越不可能把目光接触当作侵略的标志。【短语】in addition 另外,此外。例句:In addition, we buy you a medical insurance. 除此而外,我们给你买医疗保险。【单词】social ["soh-shuhl]["sl] adj. 社会的;社会阶层的;群居的;社交的;好交际的;合群的【单词】species ["spee-sheez, -seez]["spiiz] n. 种类;(单复同)物种【单词】sign [sahyn][san] n. 手势;
招牌;符号;迹象
Take as an example our two closest evolutionary cousins: chimpanzees and bonobos.【译】以我们两个最接近进化的近亲为例:黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩。【单词】evolutionary [ev-uh-"loo-shuh-ner-ee][iv"lunri] adj. 进化的;发展的;演变的【单词】cousins 原型:cousin ["kuhz-uhn]["kzn] n. 堂(或表)兄弟(姐妹)【单词】chimpanzees 原型:chimpanzee [chim-pan-"zee][tmpn"zi] n. 黑猩猩
【单词】bonobo [buh-"noh-boh][b"nb] 倭黑猩猩
Chimps form strong social bonds within their immediate family, and weak ones with the wider tribal structure.【译】黑猩猩在他们的直系亲属中形成了强大的社会纽带,而弱小的黑猩猩则与更广泛的部落结构形成了联系。【单词】Chimps 原型:chimp [chimp][tmp] n. (非洲)黑猩猩 =chimpanzee.【单词】bonds 原型:bond [bond][bnd] n.结合;协定;联系;情谊;黏合剂【单词】immediate [ih-"mee-dee-it]["midit] adj. 直接的;最接近的;立即的;目前的【单词】weak [week][wik] adj. 弱的;
虚弱的;无力的;差的;淡薄的【单词】tribal ["trahy-buhl]["trabl] adj. 部落的
Family members usually enjoy, or at least tolerate, eye contact, but if two chimps aren"t closely bonded, eye contact will upset them to the point of extreme violence.【译】家庭成员通常喜欢或至少容忍眼神交流,但如果两只黑猩猩没有紧密联系,眼神交流会让它们心烦意乱到极端暴力的地步。【单词】enjoy [en-"joi][n"d] v. 享受;喜欢【单词】tolerate ["tol-uh-reyt]["tlret] vt. 容许;忍受;容忍【单词】closely ["klsli] adv. 紧密地;接近地;严密地;亲近地【单词】bonded 原型:
bond [bond][bnd] vt. 使结合;为 ... 作保 vi. 连结;粘合【单词】upset [uhp-"set][p"set] v. 打乱;使心烦【单词】extreme [ik-"streem][k"strim] adj. 极度的;极端的【单词】violence ["vahy-uh-luhns]["valns] n. 猛烈;暴力;暴行
Bonobos are much more sociable, forming tight bonds with one another constantly and practically at random.【译】倭黑猩猩更善于交际,经常和几乎随机的彼此形成紧密的联系。【单词】sociable ["soh-shuh-buhl]["sbl] adj. 好交际的;社交的【单词】tight [tahyt][tat] adj. 紧的;紧身的;密集的;拮据的【单词】constantly ["kon-stuhnt]["knstntli] adv. 不断地;经常地【单词】practically ["prak-tik-lee]["prktkli] adv. 实际上;几乎;简直【单词】random ["ran-duhm]["rndm] adj. 任意的;
随机的;随意的 n. 随意;任意 adv. 随机地
Their eye contact is more enjoyable, and even when it induces stress, most bonobo societies dispel that stress through sexual activity, rather than ripping eachother to pieces.【译】他们的眼神交流更令人愉快,甚至当它引起压力时,大多数倭黑猩猩社会通过性行为来消除这种压力,而不是把对方撕成碎片。【短语】rather than ... 而不是..., 宁可…也不愿...;例句:It is better to express your anger, rather than bottle it up. 生气宁可发泄出来而不要闷在肚内。
【单词】enjoyable [en-"joi-uh-buhl][n"dbl] adj. 有趣的;愉快的【单词】dispel [dih-"spel][d"spel] v. 驱散;消除【单词】sexual ["sek-shoo-uhl]["sekul] adj. 性的;性欲的;有性生殖的;性别的【单词】ripping 原型:rip [rip][rp] v. 撕裂;扯开
It"s a dominance thing.【译】这是一种关于支配倾向的东西。【单词】dominance ["dom-uh-nuhns]["dmnns] n. 支配;控制;统治;优势;【生】优势度,显性
If you lock eyes, it is taken as a challenge/threat.【译】如果你闭上眼睛,就会被视为一种挑战/威胁。
Dogs often avoid it because they recognize in some way, we are their owner.【译】狗经常回避它,因为它们在某种程度上认识到,我们是它们的主人。【单词】avoid [uh-"void]["vd] vt. 避免;逃避
That"s also, why you AREN"T supposed to stare down a gorilla, because then they try to punch your face in.【译】这也是为什么你不应该盯着一只大猩猩,因为它会试图打你的脸。【单词】supposed 原型:suppose [suh-"pohz][s"pz] vt. 假设;假定;认为;想;应该;让(虚拟语气) 【单词】stare [stair][ste] v. 盯着看;凝视【单词】gorilla [guh-"ril-uh][ɡ"rl] n. 大猩猩【单词】punch [puhnch][pnt] vt. 按(键);以拳重击;开洞
Predators lock eyes on their preys.【译】捕食者会盯着猎物。【单词】Predators 原型:predator ["pred-uh-ter, -tawr]["predt] n. 食肉动物;掠夺者;(动物的)捕食性天敌【单词】preys [prey][pre] n. 牺牲者;被掠食者,猎物

Preys just look around for threats.【译】猎物只是四处寻找威胁。【单词】threats 原型:threat [thret][θret] n. 威胁;恐吓;凶兆
So most animals don"t like someone staring straight to them for long.【译】所以大多数动物不喜欢有人盯着它们看太久。【单词】staring 原型:stare [stair][ste] v. 盯着看;凝视【单词】straight [streyt][stret] adj. 直的;连续的 adv. 直接;坦率地;连续不断地