高考前30天必背阅读和完形高频词汇和写作，建议收藏！

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．abandon vt. 放弃；抛弃，遗弃
2．abnormal adj. 反常的，变态的
3．aboard prep. 上(船、飞机、火车、汽车等)
4．abolish vt. 废除，废止(法律、制度、习俗等)
5．absence n. 不在；缺席
6．absorb vt. 吸收；使全神贯注
7．abstract adj. 抽象的
n. 抽象派艺术作品
8．absurd adj. 荒谬的；怪诞不经的
9．abundant adj. 大量的；丰盛的；充裕的
10．abuse vt. 滥用；虐待；谩骂
11．accelerate vt. 加速；(使)加快
12．access n. 通道；接近……的机会
13．accommodation n. (pl.)住宿；膳宿
14．accompany vt. 陪同，陪伴(＝go with)；为……伴奏(on/at)
伴随
15．accomplish vt. 完成(任务)；实现(计划、诺言等)
16．accumulate vt. 积累；积聚
17．accurate adj. 准确的；精确的
18．accustomed adj. 习惯的；惯常的
19．achievement n. 成就；成绩；完成；实现
20．acknowledge vt. 承认；答谢；告知收到(信件、礼物等)；(微
笑、挥手等)致意
21．acquaintance n. 熟人；(与某人)认识
22．acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到(知识等)
23．addicted adj. 沉溺于某种嗜好的；上了瘾的
24．adequate adj. 充分的，足够的；合乎需要的
25．adjustment n. 调整；适应
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．abandon oneself to ... 沉溺于……；纵情于……
be/get accustomed to ... 习惯于……
devote oneself to .../be devoted to ...
献身于……，专心于……，致力于……
adapt/adjust (oneself) to ...
使(自己)适应……
apply oneself to ... 专心于……，致力于……
2．above all 最重要的是
after all 毕竟，终究
in all 总共，总计
first of all 首先
all in all 总的来说
not at all 一点也不
Ⅲ.写作句式
状语从句(一)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)When I failed the exam last month and was in low spirits, she patted me gently on the shoulder and gave me great encouragement.
当我上个月考试不及格，情绪低落的时候，她轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀，给了我很大的鼓励。
2．(2020·7月浙江高考应用文写作)We have been concerned about you since you returned to your country for a sick leave.
自从你请病假回国以来，我们一直很关心你。
3．(2019·北京高考书面表达)When I came back home, I shared my experiences with my parents.And they were very proud of me.
当我回到家时，我与父母分享了我的经历。他们为我感到骄傲。
4．(天津高考书面表达)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program, which has benefited all of us.
你们来我们学校参加交流活动已经两周了，这项活动让我们所有人都受益。
5．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school.
我记得你上次参观我们学校的时候，你让我看了关于那个主题的一些照片。
6．(四川高考书面表达)When it comes to improving Mandarin, my advice is that you should listen to Mandarin every day and practice speaking it whenever possible.Just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.”
当谈到提高普通话水平时，我的建议是你每天尽可能地多听多说普通话。正如俗话所说的“熟能生巧。”
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(发言稿)
(2020·山西高考考前适应性测试)假定你是李华，准备参加某国际中学生文化探索夏令营。请你用英语写一篇发言稿， 介绍一项你最喜欢的中华传统艺术，如中国书法(calligraphy)、国画、京剧等。内容包括：
1．自我介绍；
2．简单介绍该艺术；
3．欢迎大家体验。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Hello, everyone!
I"m Li Hua, a senior high school student from Beijing, China.Today I"m glad to introduce my favorite traditional Chinese art, Chinese calligraphy, to you.
Chinese calligraphy, the art of beautiful handwriting, has developed over many centuries and has been widely practiced in China.Not only does it show the beauty of Chinese characters, but also serves the purpose of expressing the writer"s inner world.
I have been practicing Chinese calligraphy since I was a child and have benefited a lot from it.Would you like to experience this Chinese art form? If you wish, I"d be happy to offer you my help.
Thank you!

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．admirable adj. 值得赞赏的；可钦佩的
2．admission n. (机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；
(尤指对过错、罪行的)承认
3．adopt vt. 采用；采取；表决采纳；收养
4．adore vt. 爱慕；崇拜
5．advantage n. 优势；对……有利
6．advocate v. 提倡，支持，拥护，主张，鼓吹
7．affect v. 影响；使……感动
8．affection n. 喜爱；钟爱
9．afford v. 负担得起(……的费用)，抽得出(时间)；提供
10．alternative adj. 选择性的，供选择的
n. 可供选择的事物
11．amazing adj. 惊人的
12．ambitious adj. 有雄心壮志的
13．amusement n. 娱乐
14．ancestor n. 祖先
15．ancient adj. 古老的
16．anniversary n. 周年纪念(日)
17．announcement n. 通告，通知
18．anxious adj. 忧虑的，焦急的
19．apologize vi. 道歉；谢罪
20．appetite n. 食欲，胃口
21．applaud v. 鼓掌；赞许，赞赏
22．applicant n. 申请者，申请人
23．appreciate v. 欣赏；感激
24．approach v. 接近，(在距离或时间上)靠近
n. 方法；路径；接近，靠近
25．appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．account for 对……做出解释；是……的原因；占……
on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
on account of 因为
take sth.into account/consideration
考虑到，顾及
2．add ...to ... 把……加到……
add to 增加(常用于抽象意义)
add up 加起来
add up to 总计
3．apart from 除……以外(还)
aside from 除……以外(还)
far from 远离；远非
Ⅲ.写作句式
状语从句(二)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Please do not hesitate to ask me if you have questions or require more information.
如果你有问题或需要更多的信息，请随时问我。
2．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me.
下午，我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马，他说只要我爸爸和我一起去就可以。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)You can write anything relevant so long as it"s interesting and informative.
你可以写相关的任何东西，只要它足够有趣并能令人增长见识。
4．Every student, no matter how talented or hard­working, will come across difficulties in his or her study.
每位学生，不管有多么聪明、多么努力，在学习中都会遇到困难。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(倡议信)
(2020·广州调研测试)假定你是李华，是某外国语学校的学生会主席。你发现有些同学迫于同伴间的压力，在过生日时经常攀比谁买的生日礼物好。请你用英语写一封倡议信，发表在你校校内网上，呼吁同学们不要攀比。内容包括：
1．互相攀比的危害；
2．对生日礼物的建议；
3．向同学们发出倡议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear students，
There is a disturbing trend in our school that some students are forced to spend lots of money buying expensive birthday gifts for their friends.This results from peer pressure, which is very common in most high schools.It is really a waste of time and money to compare whose gift is the most fashionable or expensive.In fact, teenagers have many ideas about creative but inexpensive birthday gifts.For example, we can buy some valuable books which can broaden our horizons or bake some hand­
made cookies implying our sincere blessing. Therefore, boys and girls, please save your money and use it properly when you need to buy an expensive gift.
The Students" Union

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．approximately adv. 近似地，大约
2．argument n. 争论；辩论
3．arrival n. 到来，到达
4．association n. 社团；联盟；交往；联合
5．assume v. 假定；假设
6．assumption n. 假定；假设
7．astronaut n. 宇航员
8．athlete n. 运动员
9．attach vt. 缚，系，贴；使依恋，使依附(与to连用)
10．attempt v. 试图；尝试
11．attend v. 看护，照料，服侍；出席；参加
12．attention n. 注意；关心
13．attitude n. 态度；看法
14．attract vt. 吸引；引起
15．available adj. 可获得的；有空的
16．awesome adj. 引起敬畏的，可怕的
17．awkward adj. 令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
18．background n. 背景
19．bakery n. 面包店
20．balance n. 平衡
21．bargain n. [C] 交易，协议；廉价货
vi. 讨价还价
22．barrier n. 屏障；障碍，关卡
23．behaviour n. 行为；举止
24．belief n. 信仰；信念
25．beneficial adj. 有益的；有帮助的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．at the mercy of ... 任……摆布
at the cost of ... 以……为代价
at the expense of ... 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下
at the risk of ... 冒……的危险
2．appeal to 吸引；呼吁
apply to 适用于；向……申请
belong to 属于
contribute to 导致；有助于
have/gain access to ... 可以获得(或接近)……(的权利)
Ⅲ.写作句式
状语从句(三)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)She is so patient with each student that we all like her.
她对每个学生都如此耐心以至于我们都喜欢她。
2．(2018·天津高考书面表达)We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it.
我们对这个比赛如此感兴趣，因此我们组成了一个小组参加。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Since the deadline is next Sunday, would you please send them to me before next Saturday?
因为截止日期是下周日，您能否在下周六前把它们发给我？
4．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)We can set out early so that we"ll have more time to read and select books.
我们可以早点出发，这样我们会有更多的时间去阅读和选择书籍。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(道歉信)
(2020·福建六校联考)假定你是李华，你和外教Susan原定于本周日上午去民俗博物馆观看中国剪纸艺术展，但因故不能赴约。请用英语给她写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示歉意；
2．说明原因；
3．另约时间。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Susan，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Susan，
I am sorry to say that I cannot attend the Chinese paper­cutting show in the Folk Art Museum on Sunday morning as I promised.I am writing to express my sincere apology to you.
The reason why I will not be available is that my uncle is coming from America on Sunday morning.So my family are going to the airport to meet him, and then we will have a family dinner together.I think we can enjoy the show on Sunday afternoon if it is convenient for you.I hope this change will not bring too much trouble to you.
I"m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．benefit n． 益处；优势
v. 受益；有益于
2．betray vt. 背叛；辜负
3．block n. (木、石等)块；街区；路障
vt. 阻塞；阻挡
4．board n. 木板；布告牌；委员会
vt. 上船(或火车、飞机等)
5．bonus n. 津贴，奖金，红利
6．botanical adj. 植物学的
7．bound adj. 一定的，必定的；被束缚的
8．boundary n. 分界线；边界
9．branch n. 树枝；分公司，分店，支部
10．brand n. 品牌
11．breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破
12．brief adj. 简洁的
13．brilliant adj. 巧妙的；使人印象深刻的；技艺高的
14．broad adj. 宽的，宽大的
15．broaden vi. 扩大；变宽，加宽
vt. 使扩大；使变宽
16．broadcast n. 广播节目；电视节目
vt. 广播，播送；宣扬
17．brochure n. 资料(或广告)手册
18．brotherhood n. 兄弟关系
19．budget n. 预算
20．bunch n. 串；束；扎
21．burden n. 负担，责任
vt. 使负担，烦扰；负重
22．cafeteria n. 自助餐厅
23．calculate v. 计算，核算
24．campaign n. 运动；战役
25．campus n. 校园
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be absent from 缺席
in/during one"s absence 某人不在时
in the absence of sth. 缺乏某物
2．be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于
be lost in 陷入……
be popular with 受……欢迎
be in/out of harmony with 与……(不)协调一致
Ⅲ.写作句式
关系代词引导的定语从句
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)It tells a story about a girl named Daisy, who talks with some wild animals and makes up her mind to protect the environment.
这讲述了一个名叫黛西的小女孩的故事，她与一些野生动物进行了交谈并下定决心来保护环境。
2．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I"m writing to invite you to visit a Chinese paper­cutting exhibition, which will be held in our school hall on May 5th Saturday.
我写信邀请您参观中国剪纸展览会，该展览将于5月5日星期六，在我们学校礼堂举行。
3．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Any student who is interested in it is welcome to participate.
欢迎任何对它感兴趣的学生参加。
4．(四川高考书面表达)When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can do all that we can"t do during our school time.
每年我们学生放暑假时，我们可以做我们在学校期间不能做的所有事情。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(建议信)
(2020·石家庄模拟)假定你是李华，听说你的美国笔友Lily最近在通过节食来减肥。请根据所给提示用英语给她写一封邮件。内容包括：
1．节食对健康的危害；
2．就如何减肥给她提几点建议。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Lily，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Lily，
I am sorry to hear that you are on a diet to lose weight.As we all know, it is important to have a balanced diet including grain, fruit and vegetables.When you are on a diet, you don"t have enough energy to support your body.Now I"d like to offer you some advice.
First of all, you should have your meals on time instead of eating snacks.Second, it is a good idea to take enough physical exercise every day, which will help you to lose weight and stay energetic.
I hope you will find my advice useful.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．cancel vt. 取消
2．candidate n. 候选人，申请人
3．canteen n. 餐厅；食堂
4．capital n. 首都
5．casual adj. 漫不经心的；不经意的；非正式的
6．catalogue n. 目录
7．cause n. 原因；起因
vt. 促使；引起；使发生
8．caution n. 谨慎，小心；警告
9．cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
10．celebrate vt. 庆祝
11．celebration n. 庆祝，庆祝会
12．ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；礼节
13．certificate n. 证明；证书
14．challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
15．champion n. 冠军
16．chance n. 机会；可能性
17．changeable adj. 易变的，变化无常的
18．character n. (汉)字；品格
19．characteristic adj. 典型的，独特的
20．circulate v. (液体或气体)环流，循环
21．circumstance n. (pl.)情况，环境，形势；境况，境遇
22．civilization n. 文明
23．clarify v. 澄清；阐明
24．classic adj. 经典的
n. 名著
25．classify v. 分类；归类
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．blame sb.for sth./doing sth.
因某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)
受责备
accept/bear/take the blame for sth.
对某事负责任
2．bring down 让……降下来；使倒下
bring up 培养，抚养，教育；提出；呕吐
bring about 引起，产生，导致
bring sth.back 带回某物；使想起某事
bring in 引入；赚(钱)
bring out 使表现出；出版；阐明
Ⅲ.写作句式
关系副词引导的定语从句
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)A guide led us to the strawberry field, where we saw fresh inviting red strawberries.
导游带我们到草莓地，在那里我们看到新鲜诱人的红草莓。
2．(2019·北京高考书面表达)After that, you can go to Shanghai, where you can stay for a week.
在那之后，你可以去上海，你可以在那里待一个星期。
3．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)How about the last Sunday of June, when the examination is over and we are free?
六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试结束了，我们有时间了。
4．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)The reason why I can"t keep my word is that my uncle will go abroad for further study soon.
我无法遵守承诺的原因是我叔叔马上要出国深造了。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(通知)
(2020·承德四校模拟)假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华，你校将于下个月举办英语短剧比赛，请根据所给提示，代表学生会用英语写一则通知，要点包括：
1．活动时间；
2．报名方式及注意事项；
3．报名截止日期。
注意：1.词数100左右(标题和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：短剧 drama
NOTICE
April 27, 2021
Student Council
参考范文：
NOTICE
An English Drama Competition will be held in our school on the afternoon of May 10th, Monday.Anyone who is interested in it is welcome to participate.It is a great opportunity to put your talent to good use.You can act out a short play either by yourself or with your partners.It is desired that you should act out one scene of a classic drama within fifteen minutes.Please sign up at Room 106 of the Teaching Building by May 3th. Some English teachers and foreign experts will be invited to be the judges.The winners will be announced on the spot.Please join us and have fun acting!
April_27,_2021
Student_Council

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．coincidence n． [U，C]巧合，巧事
2．colleague n. 同事
3．collection n. 收藏品，收集物
4．comfort n. 安慰，慰问
5．comment n. 评论
vi. 表达意见(on/upon)
6．commercial adj. 商业的，商务的；商业化的
7．communication n. [U]交流，交际；通讯，(常pl.)通信
8．companion n. [C]同伴
9．company n. 公司
10．compare vt. 比较；比喻，比作
vi. 相比，比得上
11．compensate v. 补偿；弥补
12．compete vi. 参加比赛；竞争；对抗
13．complaint n. 抱怨
14．composition n. 作文；作曲
15．comprehension n. 理解
16．compromise v. 妥协，折中，让步
17．compulsory adj. 强制的，必须做的；义务的
18．computer n. 计算机
19．concentrate v. 聚精会神
20．concept n. 概念
21．concern v. 涉及
n. 关心
22．concert n. 音乐会；演奏会
23．conclusion n. 结论；结束
24．concrete adj. 混凝土制的；具体的；实在的
25．condemn v. 谴责，指责；宣判
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．break down (机器、车辆)出故障；分解；垮掉
break out 爆发
break in 打断；闯入
break into 闯入，破门而入
break away from 脱离
break through 突破
break off 折断；中断；断绝
break up 解散；破碎
2．by all means 尽一切办法；务必(表示答应)当然可以
by means of 用；依靠
Ⅲ.写作句式
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．(2020·7月浙江高考应用文写作)During your absence, our class participated in an English oral competition, in which we came first.
你不在的时候，我们班参加了英语口语比赛，我们得了第一名。
2．(2019·天津高考书面表达)My classmates and I are overjoyed to hear that you"ll stay in our school for one week this summer vacation, during which time you"ll give us a presentation about art in western countries.
这个暑假你将在我们学校待一个星期，在此期间你会向我们介绍西方国家艺术，听到这个消息，我的同学和我都非常高兴。
3．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am planning to do a part­time job in a foreign company during the summer break, through which I could improve my spoken English and social skills.
我计划在暑假期间到一家外资公司做兼职，期望通过这种方式来提高我的英语口语和社交能力。
4．(天津高考书面表达)I"d like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to you for your generous help, without which I wouldn"t have made such rapid progress.
我想借此机会表达你对我慷慨帮助的感激之情，没有你的帮助，我不会取得如此快的进步。
5．(四川高考书面表达)There are four seasons in a year, each of which has distinctive features.
一年有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(推荐信)
(2020·兰州高三检测)假定你是李华，你校外教亨特先生想学习中国书法(calligraphy)，请你给他推荐一位老师。请根据所给提示，给他发一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1．介绍老师的情况；
2．授课时间及地点。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr.Hunter，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Mr.Hunter，
I"m delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese calligraphy.I am willing to recommend a good teacher for you.
Mr.Wang, an art teacher in our school, is famous for his handwriting.He has got some prizes for writing the best Chinese characters in our city.Not only can he teach you how to write Chinese characters, but also he can offer you some information about Chinese culture.In addition, Mr.Wang is kind and will be pleased to teach you.You will find him humorous and easy to get along with.He will give you lessons twice a week in his office at weekends.
I hope you will have fun learning Chinese calligraphy.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．condition n． 条件；状况
2．conduct vt. 引导；带领；组织；安排
3．conference n. (正式的)会议；讨论
4．confident adj. 自信的
5．confidential adj. 机密的；保密的
6．confirm v. 证实，证明，确认
7．conflict n. 冲突；争执；争论
8．confuse vt. 使迷惑；混淆
9．congratulation n. 祝贺，庆贺
10．connect v. 连接；把……联系起来
11．connection n. 连接物；联系
12．consequence n. 结果；后果
13．conservation n. 保存；(自然资源的)保护
14．consider vt. 考虑
15．considerate adj. 体贴的
16．consistent adj. 连续的；一致的，始终如一的
17．constant adj. 经常的，不断的
18．construction n. 建造，建筑物
19．consult v. 咨询；商量
20．consume v. 消耗，耗费(燃料、能量、时间等)
21．contain v. 包含，能容纳
22．contemporary adj. 属同时期的，同一时代的
23．content adj. 满足的，满意的；甘愿的
n. (pl.)容纳的东西，内容；含量，容量
24．continuous adj. 继续的，连续(不断)的
25．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．care about 担心；关心；在乎，介意
care for 关心；照顾；喜欢
take care 注意；小心
take care of 照顾，爱护；负责
2．come across 碰见，偶然发现
come along 过来；快点
come out 出来；出版
come true 实现
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生机
come to the point 说到要点，触及问题实质
come about 发生
come to light 为人所知，显露
come up with 提出，想出
come on 快点；加油
Ⅲ.写作句式
宾语从句(一)
1．(2020·7月浙江高考应用文写作)I"m sorry to hear that you are ill and have to be on sick leave.
听说你生病，不得不请假，我很难过。
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I"m glad to learn that your gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition.
得知你们的画廊将举办中国画展，我很高兴。
3．(2018·江苏高考改编)It"s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.
父母知道孩子在使用哪些应用程序也是非常重要的。
4．(四川高考书面表达)I am convinced that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.
我深信我能完全达到你的期望。
5．(北京高考书面表达)I think the picture is telling us that there is usually a difference between one"s dream and reality.
我认为这幅图是在告诉我们通常梦想和现实之间是有区别的。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(邀请信)
(2020·哈师大附中高三质检)假定你是李华，你校将于下周举办“校园艺术节”(School Art Festival)。请给在你市某中学作为交换生的英国朋友Millie写一封电子邮件，邀请她参加。要点包括：
1．艺术节的举办时间及活动内容；
2．请求对方回复。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Millie，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Millie，
I"m writing to invite you to take part in the School Art Festival to be held in our school next week.
The School Art Festival will last from August 13 to August 17, when there will be all kinds of activities for us to join in, such as a painting exhibition, a calligraphy competition, a singing contest and a fashion show.Some well­known artists will be invited to our school and give us lectures on how to write with pens and brushes.It"s really a great chance for us to learn more about Chinese culture.I sincerely hope you can come.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．contrary adj. 相反的
n. 相反的事实
2．contribute vi.& vt. 捐款；做出贡献，有助于；促成；投稿(to)
3．controversial adj. 引起争论的；有争议的
4．convenience n. 方便；便利
5．convey vt. 表达，传达(思想、感情等)；运送，搬运
6．convince vt. 使确信，使信服；说服
7．cook n. 炊事员，厨师
v. 烹调，做饭
8．corporation n. 公司，企业；法人
9．correction n. 改正
10．correspond vi. (with/to)符合，相一致；
(with)通信；(to)相当于，相类似
11．corrupt adj. 贪污的，腐败的
v. 使腐化，堕落
12．courage n. 勇气，胆略
13．course n. 过程，经过；课程
14．crash v．& n. 碰撞，撞击
15．create vt. 创造；造成
16．creature n. 生物；动物
17．credit n. 信用，信誉；赞扬
18．criminal n. 罪犯
19．criterion n. (pl.criteria)标准，准则，原则
20．crossing n. 十字路口；人行横道
21．crossroads n. 交叉路口
22．crowd n. 人群
vt. 拥挤，群聚
23．culture n. 文化
24．cure v. 治愈(疾病)
n. 药物；治疗
25．curious adj. 好奇的；奇异的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．contribute to ... 有助于……；对……起作用；导致……；投稿
contribute ...to ... 把……贡献给……
make contributions to 对……做出贡献
2．drop out 退出，脱离；辍学
figure out 想清楚，弄明白；算出
fill out 填写(表格等)
sell out 售完
wear out 耗尽，使筋疲力尽；穿破
3．earn one"s living 谋生
earn one"s fame 赢得名声；成名
earn the name of 获得……的美名
Ⅲ.写作句式
宾语从句(二)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I would appreciate it if you come and guide us.
如果你能来指导我们，我将感激不尽。
2．(北京高考书面表达)The residents think highly of what we have done.
居民们高度评价了我们所做的事情。
3．I am wondering if you have made a definite plan for the coming summer holiday.
我想知道你是否为即将到来的暑假制订了明确的计划。
4．I"d like to remind you that you should put on more clothes when getting up the following morning to protect yourself from cold.
我想要提醒你，第二天早晨起床时多穿衣服，以防感冒。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(自荐信)
(2020·郑州高三质检)假定你是李华，从你市科技馆网站上得知该馆正在招募志愿者，在周末为外国游客进行介绍。请根据所给提示，用英语写一封自荐信。内容包括：
1．陈述自己的优势；
2．希望获准。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Sir/Madam，
I am delighted to learn from your website that some interpreters are wanted to introduce our Science and Technology Museum to foreign visitors at weekends.I am writing to recommend myself.
My advantages are as follows：First, I am good at spoken English and I got first prize in the English Speech Contest in our city last year.Second, I am interested in science and technology.More importantly, I have experience in being a volunteer and I know how to communicate with others.I think I am qualified to be a volunteer.I hope you will consider my application.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．currency n． 货币，现金
2．custom n. 习惯；习俗，风俗习惯
3．customs n. 海关；关税
4．damage n．& vt. 毁坏；损害
5．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
6．debate n．& v. 讨论，辩论
7．decision n. 决定；决心
8．declare vt. 宣布，宣告；声明，断言
9．decline v. 拒绝，谢绝；下降
10．decoration n. 装饰，修饰
11．decrease n．& v. 减少，减小，降低
12．defeat vt. 击败，战胜
13．delay v．& n. 延误，延迟，耽搁
14．deliberately adv. 故意；蓄意；存心
15．delicate adj. 易损的；易碎的
16．delicious adj. 美味的；可口的
17．delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的
18．deliver vt. 投递(信件、邮包等)
19．demand vt.& n. 要求
20．departure n. 离开，出发
21．depend vi. 依靠，依赖；指望；取决于
22．description n. 描述，描写
23．desert n. 沙漠
vt. 舍弃；遗弃
24．deserve vt. 应受(奖、罚)，值得，应得
25．design n. 设计；图案；图样，样式
vt. 设计；计划
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．cure sb.of sth. 治好某人的病
accuse sb.of sth. 指控某人某事
cheat sb.of sth. 诈取某人某物
inform sb.of sth. 通知某人某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
rob sb.of sth. 抢劫某人某物
2．cut down 削减；砍倒
cut in 插话；干预
cut up 切碎；齐根切掉
cut out 删去；剪下
cut through 开辟
cut off 切断；中止；隔绝
Ⅲ.写作句式
宾语从句(三)
1．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)However, I am not sure about whether the words and format are correct.
然而，我不确定措辞和格式是否正确。
2．(浙江高考写作)The saying tells us that if we want to succeed in doing something, we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly.
这句名言告诉我们，如果我们想成功做一件事，不仅要周密计划，还要彻底实施。
3．For a start, I feel really delighted that I"ve won the first prize in the competition, which makes me understand the true meaning of the proverb “No pains, no gains”．
首先，在比赛中获得一等奖我确实感到高兴，这使我理解了谚语“一份耕耘，一份收获”的真正含义。
4．A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years.
最近的一项调查表明，在过去的三年里，我们学校学生的健康状况越来越差。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(求助信)
(2020·东北师大附中高三摸底考试)假定你是李华，想参加学校下个月举办的英语演讲比赛，但是缺乏经验。请给你校的外教史密斯先生发一封邮件，寻求他的帮助。内容包括：
1．求助的原因；
2．求助的内容；
3．期待回复。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr.Smith，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Mr.Smith，
As you know, an English Speech Contest is to be held in our school next month.I am planning to sign up for it.However, I"ve never taken part in any speech contest before, so I"m writing to ask for your help.
I know you"re working to a very tight schedule, but you do make a speech very well.So would you please tell me what I can do to make my speech more impressive? Could you check my speech when I finish writing it? I"d appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．desire vt.& n． 要求；期望
2．desperate adj. 不顾一切的；极度渴望的；令人绝望的
3．destination n. 目的地；终点
4．destroy vt. 破坏，毁坏；消灭
5．determination n. 决定；决心
6．development n. 发展，发育；开发
7．devotion n. 奉献，奉献精神
8．difference n. 不同
9．difficulty n. 困难；费力
10．dignity n. 庄重，庄严；尊贵，高尚
11．dilemma n. 窘境，困境，进退两难
12．diploma n. 毕业文凭，学位证书
13．direction n. 方向；方位
14．disadvantage n. 不利条件；弱点
15．disagreement n. 意见不一；分歧；争论
16．disappearance n. 消失
17．disappointment n. 失望；沮丧
18．disaster n. 灾难；祸患
19．discipline n. 纪律
20．discourage vt. (使)气馁；打消(做……的念头)
21．discovery n. 发现
22．discussion n. 讨论
23．dismiss vt. 让……离开，遣散，解散；解雇，开除
24．distance n. 距离
25．distinguish vt. 区别，辨别
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．date back to/from 追溯到，自……存在至今
up to date 最近的；最新的
out of date 过时的
2．depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；取决于
rely on/upon 依靠，依赖
That depends./It all depends.
视情况而定。
3．end with 以……结束
end in 落得……的下场，以……而告终
come to an end 结束，告终，完结
make ends meet 量入为出；收支平衡
in the end 最后，结果
by the end of 截止到……为止
Ⅲ.写作句式
表语从句
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)That is why I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.
这就是我建议你申请北京大学的原因，它是中国最好的大学之一。
2．(北京高考书面表达)The reason why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice is that it has many well­known sightseeing spots.
我认为沿长江之行将是一个更好的选择的原因是它有许多著名的观光景点。
3．The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don"t have to worry so much.
事实上每个人都有似乎诸事不顺的一段时期，因此你没有必要太担心。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(申请信)
(2020·南昌高三模拟)假定你是李华。下周将有一个来自美国的学生代表团访问你校，学校向全校学生招募形象大使，参与接待来访的美国学生。你写信申请，内容包括：
1．希望成为形象大使；
2．介绍自己的优势(英语口语，性格等)；
3．对形象大使的认识。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：形象大使 goodwill ambassador
Dear Sir，
I"m Li Hua.　
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Sir，
I"m_Li_Hua.I"m writing to apply for the opportunity to be one of the goodwill ambassadors.
I"m a student in Senior Two who has a good knowledge of English and can communicate with native speakers freely.As an outgoing and hard­working boy, I often devote my spare time to making friends with foreigners, watching English movies and reading English novels, which makes me quite familiar with western cultures.As a goodwill ambassador, not only can I exchange ideas with the guests and spread Chinese culture, but also I can put my talent into good use.
I"d appreciate it if you offer me the precious opportunity.I"m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．distribute vt. 分发；使分布
2．disturb vt. 扰乱；打扰
3．drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
4．dustbin n. 垃圾箱
5．dusty adj. 尘土般的，尘土多的
6．eager adj. 渴望的；热切的
7．education n. 教育；培养
8．effect n. 效果；结果
9．effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试
10．embarrass vt. (尤指在社交场合)使窘迫，使尴尬
11．emergency n. 紧急情况(状态)
12．employ vt. 雇佣
13．encouragement n. 鼓励
14．energetic adj. 精力充沛的，富有活力的，活跃的
15．engine n. 发动机；引擎
16．engineer n. 工程师；技师
17．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；有乐趣的
18．enlarge v. 扩大；扩展；扩充；放大
19．enterprise n. 公司，企/事业单位
20．entertainment n. 娱乐
21．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
22．environment n. 环境
23．equality n. 平等
24．equipment n. 装备；设备
25．evident adj. 清楚的；显而易见的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．exchange ...for ... 以……换……
exchange ...with ... 和……交换……
in exchange (for) 作为(对……的)交换
2．fit in 相适应；相处融洽
fit in with 与……合得来；适应
3．focus on 集中精力于
fix one"s attention on 将注意力集中在
fix one"s eyes on 注意；凝视
concentrate on 集中精力于
pay attention to 注意
Ⅲ.写作句式
同位语从句
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Then came the news that a short film, which is a documentary on the history of our school, will be shown in our school.
接着传来了消息，我们学校将放映一部关于我们学校历史的短片。
2．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)There is no doubt that I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.
毫无疑问，我与外国人交流几乎没有困难。
3．(江苏高考满分作文)From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that you must have self­confidence if you want to achieve your goal.
通过上面的讨论，我们可以得出结论：如果你想实现目标，就一定要自信。
4．It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.
它展示了当今一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭关注的焦点，肩负着父母的希望。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·许昌高三质检)假定你是李华，你在某贴吧上看到美国孔子学院(Confucius Institute)的学生Henry发帖，希望通过网络视频互动学习中国诗词。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示愿意帮助他；
2．说明你想帮助他的原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Henry，
My name is Li Hua, a Chinese middle school student.I learned from your post that you"re eager to learn Chinese poetry through the Internet.I think I can give you a hand.
I have been enthusiastic about Chinese poetry since I was in the primary school and I have performed well in some poetry contests.Besides, I tutored some foreigners to learn Chinese ancient poetry last summer.I"m sure you"ll have a good understanding of Chinese poetry with my help.In turn, this will provide me with a good chance to practice my English by communicating with you.I hope we can improve ourselves together.
I"m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的
2．estimate n．& vt. 估计；估价
3．evaluate vi.& vt. 评价；估计
4．evaluation n. 估值；评价；评估
5．event n. 事件，大事
6．eventually adv. 最终
7．exchange n. 交换，互换；汇兑，兑换；交易所；交流
vt. 交换；兑换；交流
8．excuse n. 借口，辩解
vt. 原谅，宽恕
9．exhibition n. 展览；展览品
10．expand v. 扩大，扩充，扩张，膨胀
11．expectation n. 预料；期望，指望
12．expense n. 支出，消费；[U]费用，价钱；
(pl.)开支，花费
13．experience n. [U]经验；[C]经历
vt. 经历；体验
14．experiment n. 实验
15．explanation n. 解释，说明
16．explorer n. 探险者
17．expose vt. 揭露，揭发；使暴露；(照片)使曝光
18．expression n. 表达；词句；表示；表情
19．extraordinary adj. 非凡的，不平常的；特别的
20．extreme adj. 极度的，极大的；在尽头的，末端的；偏激
的，走极端的
21．failure n. 失败
22．familiar adj. 熟悉的
23．fantastic adj. 幻想的，异想天开的，奇异的，古怪的
24．fascinating adj. 魅力无穷的
25．fatal adj. 致命的，重大的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．for fear of 以免，害怕
for lack of 因缺少
for the sake of 为了……起见
2．free of charge 免费
in charge (of) 主管，负责(……)
in the charge of 由……负责、主管
take charge (of) 负责，掌管(……)
Ⅲ.写作句式
主语从句(一)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is believed that the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
人们认为这部电影不仅有意义，而且很有意思。
2．(北京高考书面表达)What attracts tourists most is the spectacular view of sunrise on the top of it.
最吸引游客的是山顶上壮丽的日出景色。
3．(北京高考书面表达)What made Yue Fei most respectable was that he didn"t give up fighting for his nation even when he was wronged by some.
即使被一些人冤枉，岳飞仍然为自己的民族而战，这是他最值得人们敬佩的地方。
4．(天津高考书面表达)What impresses us most is your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.
让我们印象最深的是你的艺术技巧，显示出了你杰出的才能。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(建议信)
(2020·浙江十校联考)假定你是李明，你的英国朋友Jack来信说他在应聘一家快餐店兼职工作时未被录用，很郁闷。请按照提示用英语给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1．表示安慰；
2．提供建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
I am sad to know that you feel very depressed because of your failure in the interview.The truth is that all of us will come across a variety of failures in our life, so it is unnecessary for you to worry too much.In fact, it isn"t a bad thing because it may lead to your future success.Therefore, you had better take the following suggestions into consideration to cheer yourself up.
First, accept what happened since the result can"t be changed.Besides, identify the cause of your failure and think about how to improve.Meanwhile, set realistic goals and try again.I sincerely hope you will get through the bad times soon.
Yours，
Li Ming

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．favo(u)rite adj. 最喜爱的
n. 特别喜爱的人或物
2．fierce adj.
(尤指人或动物)凶猛的，凶狠的；猛烈的，强烈的
3．figure n. [C]外形；轮廓，人物；雕像；数字
vt. 计算；认为；估计
4．finance n. [U]资金；财政，金融
vt. 给……提供资金
5．fitness n. 健康
6．flexible adj. 灵活的，可变通的
7．forbid vt. 禁止；不准
8．foreign adj. 外国的
9．foresee vt. (foresaw, foreseen)预见；预知
10．forgive vt. 原谅；宽恕
11．fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的
12．fortune n. 财产；运气
13．fragile adj. 易碎的；脆弱的
14．framework n. (建筑物或物体的)框架，结构
15．function n. 功能；作用
vi. 活动，运行；行使职责
16．fundamental adj. 十分重要的，根本的；基本的
17．garbage n. 垃圾
18．generation n. 代，一代
19．generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的
20．geography n. 地理
21．get­together n. 聚会
22．graduate v. 毕业
23．grammar n. 语法
24．grasp v. 抓住，紧握
25．grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．get hold of 得到，掌握
get in touch with 同……取得联系
get back 回来；取回
get over (sth./sb.) 克服，从疾病(或震惊、断绝
关系等)中恢复常态
get on/along well with 与……相处融洽
get into 进入；陷入
get in 进入；收割
get rid of 摆脱，除去
get through 通过；接通；完成；经历
get away with 做错事未被惩罚
get about/around/round 传开，传出去
get across 使理解
get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真(做)某事
2．give away 分发；赠送
give back 归还
give in 屈服，让步
give off 发出(气味、热、光等)
give out 耗尽，用完；分发
give up 放弃，投降
give way to 给……让路；对……让步
Ⅲ.写作句式
主语从句(二)
1．(天津高考书面表达)What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit, which allowed us to complete our tasks very efficiently.
我们最为欣赏的是你们有强烈的团队精神，这使我们高效地完成了任务。
2．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)It"s a great pity that I have to cancel the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.
非常遗憾，我不得不取消我们周日一块儿逛书店的约定。
3．She is warm­hearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.
她是一个热心肠的人，因此她总是帮助那些处于困境中的人们就不足为奇了。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·东北师大附中高三摸底考试)假定你是李华，你校留学生Jack在校英文网站上发帖，想寻找一个寄宿家庭(host family)，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，要点包括：
1．表示意愿；
2．说明优势；
3．期望回复。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack，
I"m Li Hua from Class One, Grade Three.　
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Jack，
I"m_Li_Hua_from_Class_One,_Grade_Three.Having learned that you are hoping to find a host family, I"m writing to recommend mine for the following reasons.
Firstly, I"m good at both spoken and written English, so there will be no language barrier in our communication.Secondly, all my families are enthusiastic and warm­hearted.We are more than happy to introduce Chinese culture and some tasty food to you.Last but not least, my home is close to our school and a neighborhood center, which will be very convenient for you.
I sincerely hope you will choose my family and have a great time in China.I"m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；渴望的
2．greeting n. 问候；迎接；(pl.)问候语
3．growth n. 生长；增长
4．guarantee vt.& n. 保证；担保
5．guidance n. 指引，指导，领导
6．guide n. 向导；导游
7．habit n. 习惯，习性
8．happiness n. 幸福，愉快
9．hardship n. 困难
10．hard­working adj. 努力工作的
11．harmful adj. 有害的，致伤的
12．harmonious adj. 融洽的，和睦的
13．healthy adj. 健康的；健壮的
14．honest adj. 诚实的；正直的
15．honour n. (美honor)荣誉；光荣
vt. 尊敬；给予荣誉
16．hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的
17．humorous adj. 富于幽默的
18．identity n. 身份；特性，特征；同一(性)，一致(性)
19．ignore vt. 忽视；对……不予理会
20．illegal adj. 非法的
21．imagination n. 想象力
22．immigration n. 移民
23．impact n．& v. 影响，作用；冲击，碰撞
24．impression n. 印象，感想
25．improve v. 提高
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．go away 走开
go ahead 继续；干吧
go by (时间)过去，经过(地点)
go out (灯、火)熄灭
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
go on to do sth. 接着做另外的事
go over 检查；复习
go through 完成；通过；经历；仔细检查
go against 违背
go for 运用于，应用于
go in for 参加；对……感兴趣
go without 没有……也行
go up 上升，上涨
go down 下降，下沉
2．have a knowledge of 了解
have a command of 了解，掌握
have ...in common with ...
与……有……共同之处
have a better understanding of ...
对……有更好的理解
have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
Ⅲ.写作句式
it作形式主语/宾语
1．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is reported that there will be a Chinese paper­cutting show this Sunday in the art gallery.
据报道，本周日在美术馆将有一个中国剪纸展。
2．(北京高考书面表达)As far as I"m concerned, it is everyone"s duty to protect the earth.
在我看来，保护地球是每个人的责任。
3．Parents usually have such high expectations that their children find it very hard to live up to them.
父母通常有如此高的期望值，以至于孩子觉得不辜负父母的期望很难。
4．I am very glad and feel it a great honor to run for the vice­president of the English club.
我很高兴，我认为竞选英语俱乐部副主席是一件荣耀的事情。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·新乡市模拟)假定你是李华，下周日是你校外教辛迪(Cindy)的生日，你班同学决定为她举办生日聚会。请你用英语给Cindy写一封邮件。内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．活动内容；
3．表示祝福。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Cindy，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Cindy，
We are happy to know your birthday is approaching and we"d like to hold a birthday party for you.The detailed information is as follows.
The party will be held in the Sunshine Hotel on Garden Road at 6：30 p．m. next Sunday, which is ten­minute walk from our school.Six classmates of mine and two English teachers will take part in it.At the party, we will make a short speech, thanking you for your hard work here, and then we will have dinner together, followed by singing, dancing and playing games.We have also prepared some small gifts for you.I am sure we will have a lot of fun.We hope you"ll have a nice birthday.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．incident n． 事件；事变
2．increase n. 增加，增长；提高
vt.& vi. 增加，增长
3．independent adj. 独立的；自主的
4．individual adj. 单独的，个别的；独特的
n. 个人(体)
5．industry n. 工业，产业
6．influence n．& vt. 影响
7．inform vt. 通知，告知
8．information n. 信息
9．initial adj. 开始的；最初的
10．innocent adj. 清白的，无辜的，无罪的；天真的，幼稚的
11．inspect vt. 检查；视察；检阅
12．inspire vt. 鼓舞，激励，激起，唤起
13．instant adj. 立即的，立刻的；紧迫的；速食的，即食的
14．instruction n. (pl.)指示，命令；用法说明，操作指南； [U]
教育，指导
15．instrument n. 乐器；工具；器械
16．insure vt. 给……投保
17．intelligence n. 智力；才智；智慧
18．intention n. 打算；计划；意图
19．interest n. 兴趣，趣味；利息
20．interrupt vt.& vi. 打断(讲话或讲话的人)；打扰
21．interval n. 间歇，间隔
22．interview n. 会见；采访；面试
vt. 采访；面试；接见
23．introduction n. 引进；介绍
24．invention n. 发明；创造
25．invitation n. 邀请；请帖
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．have/gain an advantage over
比(某人)强；胜过；优于
take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
to one"s advantage/to the advantage of sb.
对某人有利
2．hold one"s breath 屏住气，屏息
take a deep breath ＝ breathe deeply
深呼吸
lose one"s breath 喘不过气来
catch one"s breath 喘口气，歇口气；恢复正常呼吸
Ⅲ.写作句式
it＋不及物动词＋从句
1．It occurred to me that I should give the rooms a thorough cleaning.
我突然想到我应该彻底打扫一下房间。
2．Talking of energy saving and greenhouse reductions, it happens that I have read a report on this topic in a newspaper.
谈到节能减排，我碰巧在一份报纸上看到了有关这一话题的报道。
3．As can be seen from the picture, a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seems that he can hardly bear it any more.
正如从图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着如此沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承受不住了。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(感谢信)
(2020·江西红色七校二模)假定你是李华，你明天即将结束在美国半年的学习生活，临行前给你外出的舍友Jack写一张便条，告知他以下内容：
1．感谢他对你的照顾；
2．给他留了一份礼物；
3．希望有机会再回来。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
It has been half a year since we first met.Now my stay in America will come to an end, and tomorrow I am leaving for China.
Looking back, I think it is your help that has made my life in America a good memory.I know you are a fan of traditional Chinese music, so I"m giving an erhu, a traditional Chinese musical instrument, as my gift to you.You will not only be able to entertain yourself but also give a great performance if you are good at playing it.I sincerely hope that I will have a chance to meet you again in America in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．involve vt. 包含，含有；使参与；牵涉
2．journalist n. 记者，新闻工作者
3．journey n. (尤指长途)旅行，行程
4．judge n. 裁判；审判员，法官
vt. 判断，断定
5．justice n. 正义；公正；司法
6．keen adj. 热心的；敏锐的；激烈的
7．kindergarten n. 幼儿园
8．kind­hearted adj. 好心的
9．kindness n. 仁慈；善良
10．kitchen n. 厨房
11．knowledge n. 知识；学问
12．lack n．& vt. 缺乏，缺少
13．laughter n. 笑；笑声
14．leisure n. 空闲时间，闲暇，休闲
15．librarian n. 图书管理员；图书馆馆长
16．license/licence n. [C]许可证，执照
17．link n. 环节；联系；关系
vt. 连接；联系；联合；结合
18．literature n. 文学
19．litter vt. 乱丢；把……弄得乱七八糟
n. 垃圾，废弃物
20．locate vt. 位于
21．luggage n. (总称)行李
22．magazine n. 杂志
23．maintain vt. 维持；维修，保养；坚持
24．majority n. 多数，大多数
25．manage v. 管理；设法对付
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．hold back 阻碍；隐瞒；控制(情感)
hold on 坚持；(电话用语)别挂断
hold on to 坚持；抓住不放
hold out 伸出；坚持，维持
hold up 举起，支撑；阻挡，使停顿
2．in favor of 赞成，支持
in memory of 为了纪念
in honor of 为了纪念
in need of 需要
in possession of 拥有
in terms of 依据，按照
in praise of 称赞；赞颂
Ⅲ.写作句式
有关it的特殊句型
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could agree to my request.
如果你能同意我的要求，我将不胜感激。
2．It is likely that I will work as a volunteer for the school as a teaching assistant.
我有可能会在学校里作为一名志愿者当助教。
3．It goes without saying that a good campus environment is of great importance to our growth.
不言而喻，一个良好的校园环境对我们的成长非常重要。
4．In fact, it is no use complaining that you don"t have an opportunity to get an ideal job.
事实上，你抱怨没机会获得理想工作是没有用的。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(邀请信)
(2020·唐山六校联考)假定你是李华，你们学校将组织一次唐诗比赛。请你给你们的外教Jack发一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：
1．比赛的时间与地点；
2．比赛的目的与方式；
3．赛后活动安排。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Jack，
I am Li Hua.Since I know you are familiar with Tang poems, I am writing to invite you to take part in a competition about it, which is scheduled to be held from 2 p．m. to 5 p．m. next Friday in Room 202 of the school library.
You can recite famous Tang poems composed by any Tang poets.The aim of the competition is to appreciate the charm of Tang poems.Besides, after reciting poems, you will have time to express your feelings about them.At the end of the competition, there will be a lecture given by an expert on Tang poems.
Please let me know whether you will participate in it.I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．manner n． 方式；态度；举止
2．marriage n. 结婚；婚姻
3．master vt. 精通；掌握
4．masterpiece n. 代表作
5．match vt. 使相配；使成对
n. 比赛，竞赛；火柴
6．material n. 原料；材料
7．matter n. 要紧事；问题
vi. 要紧，有重大关系
8．mature adj. 成熟的
9．measure v. 测量
n. 措施；尺寸
10．media n. 大众传播媒介
11．memorial n. 纪念馆；纪念碑
12．memorize v. 记忆
13．mental adj. 精神的，脑力的
14．mention vt. 提到；说起，提及
15．merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽大的
16．message n. 消息，音信
17．microcomputer n. 微机
18．mineral n. 矿物质；矿物
19．minority n. 少数；少数民族
20．mistake n. 错误
vt. 弄错
21．misunderstand vt. 误会；不理解
22．mixture n. 混合物
23．modern adj. 现代的
24．modest adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的
25．monitor n. 班长；监视器
vt. 监视
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in case 以防，万一
in case of 万一；如果发生
in the case of 在……的情况下
in this case 既然这样，如果这样
in no case 决不(放在句首，句子部分倒装)
2．in advance 提前
in particular 尤其，特别
in vain 白费力气，枉费心机
in reality 实际上，事实上
in a dilemma 处于进退两难的境地
Ⅲ.写作句式
有关when的句型
1．I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
我正要放弃，那时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。
2．I was walking to school this morning when I caught sight of an old woman with a walking stick lying on the ground.
今天早晨我正步行去上学，那时我看见一位拿着拐杖的老妇人躺在地上。
3．She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她刚完成家庭作业，妈妈就让她练习钢琴。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(推荐信)
(2020·太原模拟)假定你是李华，你看到“悦读网”(Enjoy reading)正在举行“百日阅读汉语经典”活动，要求参加者在网上连续阅读一百天，每天至少半小时，完成后该网站免费赠送书籍。请给你的留学生朋友Henry写一封邮件，推荐该活动。内容包括：
1．介绍该活动；
2．推荐该活动；
3．推荐理由(至少两条)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Henry，
Knowing that you show great interest in classical Chinese literature, I am delighted to recommend to you an online reading activity held by Enjoy reading.
The participants are required to set aside at least half an hour every day to read the selected classics online for 100 days continuously.Those who have fulfilled the task will be rewarded with some books free of charge.
In my view, this reading activity suits you fine.First, you will get access to a wide range of excellent works.Besides, challenging as it may be, it helps you form a good reading habit.I do hope you will take it into consideration.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．monument n． 纪念碑
2．moral adj. 道德上的，道义上的；道德的
3．motivation n. (做事的)动机
4．mountainous adj. 多山的
5．movement n. (身体部位的)运动，活动
6．murder vt. 谋杀
7．museum n. 博物馆，博物院
8．musician n. 音乐家；乐师
9．nationality n. 国籍
10．nationwide adv. 全国范围的；全国性的
11．native adj. 本土的，本国的
12．natural adj. 自然的
13．necessary adj. 必需的；必要的
14．neglect vt. 忽视，忽略；疏忽
15．negotiate vt. 商定
vi. 协商；谈判
16．noisy adj. 喧闹的；嘈杂的
17．normal adj. 正常的；标准的
n. 正常；标准
18．note n. 便条；笔记；注释；纸币
vt. 记下；注意
19．novelist n. 小说家
20．observe v. 注意到；观察；遵守；庆祝
21．obtain vt. 获得；得到
22．obvious adj. 明显的；显然的；易理解的
23．occupation n. 职业；工作；占用
24．occur vi. 发生；出现；(主意、想法等在脑海中)被想起
25．offer n. 主动提议；建议
vt. 提供
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in the form of ... 以……的形式
in the direction of ... 朝……方向
in the hope of ... 怀着……的希望
2．in surprise 惊奇地
take ...by surprise 使……吃惊
to one"s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
3．in turn 依次，轮流；反过来；转而
in return 作为回报，作为报答
in return for 作为……的回报，作为……的报答
in reward 回报，报答
in exchange for 交换，调换
Ⅲ.写作句式
there be 句型
1．Many students may think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving handwriting.
许多学生可能认为他们只使用电脑就可以，因此没有必要浪费时间提高书法。
2．There is no denying that it was my teacher"s encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.
不可否认的是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
3．There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good endings”， which shows the importance of habits.
有句名言说：“好习惯带来好结果”，这表明了习惯的重要性。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·四川达州市第一次诊断性测试)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter来信询问你校正在开展的读书活动。请给他回信，内容包括：
1．活动安排；
2．你的表现；
3．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Peter，
Glad to have heard from you.Here is detailed information about the reading activity being held in our school.
To start with, this 2­week­long activity, organized by the Students" Union, aims to arouse students" enthusiasm for reading and improve our reading ability.In addition, a competition is scheduled for Friday afternoon when winners will be awarded with books signed by famous authors.
Taking an active part, I spend an hour every day reading articles aloud.Besides, I often turn to Chinese teachers for their expert advice.
With the competition drawing near, I feel a little nervous.However, through daily practice I"ve improved my reading ability and have more confidence in winning.I expect to see my hard work pay off.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．operation n． 手术，操作
2．opinion n. 看法，见解
3．oppose vt. 反对；反抗
4．opposite n. 相反；对面
adj. 相反的；对面的
5．optimistic adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的
6．optional adj. 可选择的；随意的，非强制的
7．organization n. 团体；机构；组织
8．original adj. 原创的
n. 原作
9．outcome n. 结果；结局；成果
10．outgoing adj. 外向的；爱交际的
11．outspoken adj. 直率的，坦诚的
12．outstanding adj. 杰出的；突出的，显著的
13．overcome v. 克服；解决
14．overlook vt. 俯瞰；忽略；远眺
15．overweight adj. 太胖的；超重的
16．participate vi. 参与；参加
17．particular adj. 特别的；具体的；挑剔的
18．partner n. 搭档；合作者
19．passion n. 激情，热情
20．part­time adj. 兼职的；部分时间的
adv. 兼职地；用部分时间地
21．passive adj. 被动的；消极的
22．patent n. 专利；专利证书
23．patience n. 容忍；耐心
24．pension n. 养老金
25．perfect adj. 完美的；极好的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外
2．in danger 在危险中
in sight 看见
in trouble 陷入困境
in silence 沉默
in order 井井有条
in public 当众，公开
in ruins 一片废墟，破败不堪
Ⅲ.写作句式
祈使句
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Come to watch the short film and you won"t miss this excellent opportunity to study!
来看看这部短片，你不会错过这个极好的学习机会的！
2．(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we"ll wait for you at the school gate at 9：00 in the morning.
如果你能和我们同行，请告知我们，我们会在上午九点在学校大门口等你。
3．Seize the chance, or (else)/otherwise you"ll regret.
抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(邀请信)
(2020·唐山模拟)假定你是李华，想邀请你的外教Mr.Black参加你校美食社团为外籍教师和学生组织的活动。请你用英语给他写一封邀请信，内容包括：
1．活动的时间和地点；
2．活动内容，例如：教参与者包饺子等；
3．活动的意义。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：参与者participant
参考范文：
Dear Mr.Black，
I"m a student of yours in Grade Three.And I"m writing to invite you to take part in the activity of the School Food Club.
The activity is going to be held at 9：00 a．m. on Sunday morning in the meeting room of the School Food Club, whose aim is to introduce the traditional food as well as Chinese culture to foreign teachers and students in our school.All the participants will make several kinds of dumplings under some Chinese cooks" guidance.And later we will enjoy the dumplings made by ourselves.
Please join us and enjoy delicious dumplings with us! I"m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．performance n． [C]演出，表演；[U]履行，执行
2．period n. 时期，时代
3．permanent adj. 永久的，持久的
4．permission n. 允许，许可，同意
5．personally adv. 就自己而言
6．persuade vt. 说服；劝说
7．phenomenon n. (pl.phenomena)现象
8．physical adj. 物理学的；身体的；物质的
9．pianist n. 钢琴家
10．picnic n. [C] 野餐，野餐食物
vi. (去)野餐，举行野餐
(picnicked, picnicking)
11．plain n. 平原；平地；旷野
adj. 简单的，朴素的；清晰的
12．platform n. 平台；站台；讲台
13．pleasant adj. 令人愉快的，舒适的
14．polite adj. 有礼貌的，有教养的
15．politician n. 政治家
16．pollution n. 污染
17．popular adj. 流行的；受欢迎的
18．portable adj. 手提式的
19．position n. 位置
20．positive adj. 明确的；积极的；肯定的；正的；阳性的
21．possession n. 所有，拥有；财产；所有物
22．possibility n. 可能，可能性
23．postpone vt. 推迟，延期
24．potential adj. 可能的，潜在的
n. 潜力
25．poverty n. 贫穷
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in company with 与……一起
in conflict with 与……冲突
in common with 与……有共同之处
in connection with 与……有联系
in cooperation with 与……合作
in harmony with 与……和睦相处/协调一致
2．in/out of condition 健康状况好/不好
on condition that ... 如果……；在……条件下
on this/that condition 在这种/那种情况下
Ⅲ.写作句式
强调句型
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It"s her friendliness and the sense of responsibility that make me admire her.
是她的友善和责任感让我钦佩她。
2．(2020·7月浙江高考应用文写作)We all think it"s you that we should owe our success to.
我们都认为我们的成功应该归功于你。
3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)I do hope your dream will come true and it"s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.
我真希望你的梦想成真，如果能在那一天带你参观北京，那将是我的荣幸。
4．(江苏高考书面表达)But rules alone don"t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.
但是制度本身不能保证一个有秩序的社会，遵守规则的人才是重要的。
5．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
正是你的帮助和体贴让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·郑州模拟)假定你是李华，你校准备面向在华外籍高中生举办主题为“中文的魅力”的演讲比赛。请你给在你市国际学校就读的好友William发一封电子邮件，告知此事，并鼓励他参赛，内容包括：
1．介绍比赛相关内容(时间、地点、参加者等)；
2．比赛的要求(用中文演讲，时间不超过5分钟，内容积极向上)。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear William，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_William，
How are things going? To promote foreign high school students" understanding of Chinese, our school will hold a speech contest intended for them.I"m writing to tell you some details.
The contest will be held in our school hall, located in the west of our school.It will start at 8 o"clock next Sunday morning and last for three hours.The theme of the speech is “The Charm of Chinese”．You have to speak Chinese and the performance is limited to 5 minutes.What"s more, the selected material ought to be positive and inspiring. I think it"s a good chance for you to improve your spoken Chinese and I"m convinced that you can make a good speech. Hope you can give it a try.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．practical adj. 实际的；适用的
2．practice n. 练习
3．praise n．& vt. 赞扬，表扬
4．precious adj. 宝贵的；珍贵的
5．precise adj. 精确的，准确的；认真的
6．predict v. 预知；预言，预报
7．preference n. 喜爱；偏爱
8．prejudice n. 偏见；成见
9．preparation n. 准备
10．present adj. 出现的，出席的
n. 礼物；赠品
vt. 呈奉；授予
11．preserve vt. 保护；维持，保持，保存
12．pressure n. 压迫；压力；压强
13．pretend vi. 假装，装作
14．prevent vt. 防止，预防
15．preview n. 预习；试演；预展
16．previous adj. 在先的，在前的，以前的
17．pride n. 自豪；骄傲
18．primary adj. 最初的；基本的，首要的
19．primitive adj. 原始的；远古的
20．principle n. 原则，原理；准则，规范
21．private adj. 私人的
22．privilege n. 特权；优惠
23．procedure n. (正常)程序，手续
24．process n. 过程
vt. 加工，处理
25．produce vt. 生产，制造
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up with 赶上，不落在后面
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
keep ...out of 不使……入内；不惹事
keep away from 不(使)接近
keep one"s word 遵守诺言
keep silent 保持沉默
keep/prevent/stop ...from doing sth.
制止(阻止)……做某事
keep off 使……远离
2．lead to 导致，造成(后果)；通向
lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead/live a ...life 过……的生活
lead the way 引路，带路
Ⅲ.写作句式
部分倒装(一)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not only do I feel the pains the farmers take but also the happiness that labor brings for me.
我不仅感受到了农民的辛劳，也感受到了劳动带给我的快乐。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food culture.
只有你来中国的时候你才能体验中国的饮食文化。
3．(天津高考书面表达)Busy though/as I am with the lessons, I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.
尽管忙着上课，我还是设法挤出时间和朋友们出去玩。
4．So smoothly does the pen write that it can contribute to making our handwriting better.
这支钢笔写起来如此流畅以至于它有助于改善我们的书写。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(演讲稿)
(2020·西宁高三复习检测)假定你是李华，你校英语社团将开展以“环境保护”为主题的演讲比赛，请你写一篇英语演讲稿参加比赛，内容包括：
1．说明环保的重要性；
2．列举至少一件日常环保事例；
3．发出号召。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Good afternoon, everyone!
The topic of my speech today is Environmental Protection, which we should pay much attention to.After all, if we don"t protect our environment well, how can we live in harmony with nature?
To protect our environment, we ought to keep in mind that there are many things we can do in our daily life.First, we shouldn"t leave water running while brushing our teeth.Second, we can choose to use both sides of paper as often as possible so as to protect the forests.Moreover, turn off the light whenever we leave a room.
It"s high time that we took action to protect our environment.
Thank you for your listening!

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．profession n． (需要有高等教育学位的)职业(如医生或律师)
2．profit n. 利润；益处
v. 有益于，有利于
3．programme n. 节目；项目
4．progress n. 进步，进展；前进
vi. 前进；进步
5．prohibit vt. 阻止；禁止
6．project n. 工程
7．promise n．& v. 答应，允诺
8．promote vt. 促进；发扬；增进；提升，提拔；宣传，推销(商品等)
9．pronounce v. 发音
10．properly adv. 适当地
11．protection n. 保护
12．prove vt. 证明
13．provide vt. 提供
14．province n. 省
15．publicly adv. 当众；公开地
16．publish vt. 出版，发行
17．punctual adj. 准时的
18．punishment n. 惩罚
19．purpose n. 目的；意图
20．puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的
21．qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格，学历
22．quality n. 质量；品质；性质
23．quantity n. 量；数量
24．quarrel vi. 争吵；吵架
25．questionnaire n. 调查表；问卷
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．let sb.down 让某人失望
let out 放出，泄露
let in 放进，让……进入
2．leave alone 不干涉，不打扰；不理
leave behind 留下，丢弃，忘记携带
leave for 动身去
leave out 遗漏；省去；不考虑
leave ...to/with 把……托付给……；留给/交给……
on leave 休假
ask for leave 请假
Ⅲ.写作句式
部分倒装(二)
1．(天津高考书面表达)Only if we understand and learn from each other can we spend those good days together happily.
只有相互理解、彼此学习，我们才能一起幸福地度过那些美好的日子。
2．On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。
3．Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.
直到经历了真正的苦难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是多么重要。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·银川模拟)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack对你校开展的“养老院献爱心(Love Into Nursing Home)”活动很感兴趣，发邮件向你咨询相关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动内容；
3．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贵。
Dear Jack，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Jack，
Knowing that you are interested in our “Love Into Nursing Home” activity, I am glad to share some details with you.
It is universally acknowledged that respecting the old is a Chinese traditional virtue.To promote the virtue we launched an activity at the nursing home last Saturday.On arriving there early in the morning, we gave them our presents and did some cleaning for the elderly.At noon, we made dumplings and cakes with them.What a day!
We all benefit a lot from the activity and hope we can participate in more instructive activities in the future.I wonder if your school organized similar charity activities as well.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．queue n． (人、汽车等的)队，行列
2．racial adj. 种族的
3．railway n. 铁路；铁道
4．random adj. 随意的，未经事先考虑的
5．range n. 幅度，范围
vi. (在某范围内)变动
6．react vi. 反应；起化学反应
7．reality n. 现实
8．realize vt. 认识到；实现
9．reasonable adj. 通情达理的，正当的，合理的
10．recognize vt. 认出
11．recommend vt. 推荐，介绍；建议
12．record n. 记录；唱片
13．recover vi. 恢复，痊愈
vt. 重新找到；使康复
14．recreation n. 娱乐；消遣
15．recycle v. 再循环，重新利用
16．reduce vt. 减少，缩减
17．referee n. 裁判；仲裁，调解员
18．reference n. 参考，参阅；参考资料，参考书目；提到，论及
19．reflect v. 反映；反射
20．reform v．& n. 改革，改进，改良
21．refresh vt. 使恢复精力，使清爽
vi.& vt. 更新
22．refuse vi. 拒绝，不愿
23．register n. 登记簿，花名册
v. 登记，注册
24．regret n．& vt. 懊悔，遗憾，痛惜
25．regular adj. 规则的；经常的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．look out 小心
look into 调查
look forward to 盼望
look through 逐一查看；浏览
look up to 尊敬
look down upon 瞧不起
look on ...as 把……看作……
look after 照顾
look for 寻找
look back 回顾；回头看
look up 查阅；抬头
2．make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通
make sense of 理解，明白
make no sense 没道理，没意义
common sense 常识
Ⅲ.写作句式
省略
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)If possible, shall we meet you in your office at 10 a．m. tomorrow?
如果可能的话，我们明天上午十点在你的办公室见面好吗？
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)When set up, the new stadium will become the new landmark in our school.
新体育馆建成后将成为我们学校的新地标。
3．(北京高考书面表达)While writing the book, Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.
在写这本书时，由于亲自品尝过一些不知名的植物，李时珍遭受了很多折磨。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·抚顺模拟)假定你是李华，你刚从美国游学归来，请你给美国朋友Johnson 写一封信，内容包括：
1．告知旅途顺利，你已安全到家；
2．感谢他们一家对你寄宿期间的悉心照顾；
3．邀请他明年暑假来北京游览，你提供食宿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Johnson，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Johnson，
I had a pleasant journey back from America, and after more than ten hours of flying, I just arrived home safe and sound.I want to thank you and your family for taking such good care of me during my stay in America.Here I would like to return the favour and invite you to come sightseeing in Beijing next summer.You would also be welcome to stay at my home during your visit to Beijing.I believe we will have a good time then.
I hope to hear from you soon.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．regulation n． 规则；规章制度
2．reject vt. 拒绝
3．relation n. 关系；亲属
4．relative n. 亲属；亲戚
5．relax v. (使)放松，轻松
6．relevant adj. 紧密相关的；有意义的
7．reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
8．relief n. 缓解，消除；救济；援救
9．religious adj. 宗教的
10．remain vi. 剩下；保持，仍是
11．remark n. 谈论，评论
v. 说起，评论
12．remind vt. 提醒，使记起
13．remote adj. 遥远的，偏僻的；疏远的
14．remove vt. 移动，拿走；脱掉(衣服等)
15．replace vt. 取代
16．represent vt. 作为……的代表、代理；象征；描绘
17．reputation n. 名气，名声，名誉
18．request n．& vt. 请求，要求
19．requirement n. 需要，要求；必要的条件
20．research n．& v. 研究，调查
21．resemble vt. 相似，类似，看起来像(不用于进行时)
22．result n. 结果，效果
23．revision n. 复习，温习
24．reserve n. 保留；储备；替补队员；自然保护区
vt. 预订；保留
25．resign v. 辞职
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．make full/good use of 充分利用
put ...to use 加以使用
come into use 开始使用
be of great use 很有用
It is no use/useless doing sth.
做某事是没用的
2．make up 组成；化妆，打扮；补充；编造
make up for 弥补，补偿
make room for 给……腾地方
make one"s way 排除困难前进
make progress 进步
make a promise 许诺
make a living 谋生
make out 认出；理解
make it 成功，及时到达
be made up of 由……组成
Ⅲ.写作句式
虚拟语气(一)
1．(安徽高考书面表达)If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.
如果我可以采访他，我会问他是什么使他成为了一名宇航员以及他是如何训练的。
2．But for your advice, I would have failed.
如果不是你的建议，我就失败了。
3．It is time that we human beings took/should take proper measures to keep the balance of nature.
是该我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(建议信)
(2020·东北师大附中高三年级一模)假定你是Teens Senior报纸中 Campus Life 栏目的记者李华，你收到一封名为 Worried 的学生来信。 请仔细阅读并写一封回信，给出分析并提出合理建议。
Dear editor，
I am a senior three student from Xinhua High School.I have some difficulty communicating with my parents.Although I have tried my best, I find it really difficult to make them satisfied.So I feel lonely sometimes.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.
Yours,
Worried
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Worried，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Worried，
I feel greatly honored to be trusted with your personal affairs.I have to say that you are not alone when having trouble communicating with your parents.It"s a common problem shared by almost everybody in their adolescence.
As for my advice for you, don"t hide your feelings.You can make it a routine to share your thought with your parents.Second, convince them you have tried your best.It is not their fault to place high expectations on their child.I believe they will be satisfied with you as long as they know you have tried whatever you can to live up to their standard.
Anyway, there is no one who loves you more than your parents in the world.Whatever you are, they will always be there for you.Love them and love can heal everything.
Yours_sincerely,_
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．resist v． 抵抗；挡开
2．respect vt.& n. 尊敬，尊重
3．respond v. 回答，回应；作出反应
4．responsibility n. 责任，责任心；职责，义务
5．restrict v. 限制
6．reward n. 报答，奖赏，酬劳
v. 报答，奖赏
7．ridiculous adj. 荒谬的，愚蠢的
8．risk n．& v. 风险；冒险
9．rough adj. 艰苦的；粗糙的；粗略的
10．routine n. 程序；日常工作；例行公事
adj. 日常的，例行的
11．rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物
12．ruin v. (使)毁坏；(使) 毁灭
n. (pl.)废墟，遗迹
13．sacrifice v. 牺牲；供奉，祭祀
n. 牺牲；供奉
14．satisfaction n. 满意
15．scarcely adv. 几乎不；简直不
16．scenery n. 风景，自然景色；舞台布景
17．schedule n. 时刻表；日程安排表；清单，明细表
vt. 安排，预定
18．science n. 科学；自然科学
19．security n. 安全；平安
20．select vt. 选择；挑选；选拔
21．senior adj. 级别高的；资格较老的；年长的
n. 较年长者；上司
22．sensitive adj. 敏感的，感觉敏锐的；神经过敏的
23．separation n. 分离；隔离
24．service n. 招待，服务；公共事业
25．severe adj. 严厉的，严格的；严重的；严峻的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．mind your own business 少管闲事
make up one"s mind to do sth. 决心做某事
never mind 不要紧；没关系
keep/bear sth.in mind 记住……
take a load off one"s mind 消除某人的思想负担；使某人如释重负
2．more than 多于；不仅仅；十分，很
rather than 而不是
other than 除了
or rather 更确切地说
Ⅲ.写作句式
虚拟语气(二)
1．(山东高考写作)How I wish I had read and replied to your e­mail as soon as I received it!
我多么希望我一收到你的电子邮件就能阅读并回复啊！
2．(重庆高考满分作文)I suggest we should communicate with our friends face to face instead of sending text messages so that we can maintain our friendship.
我建议为了保持友谊，我们应该与朋友面对面交流而不是发短信。
3．The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon.It seems as if she had been to the moon many times.
这个女孩对月球的描述非常逼真，就好像她去过月球很多次似的。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·哈尔滨二模)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim 即将来中国旅游。他对中文名字非常感兴趣，并且很想拥有一个中文名字，他向你求助。现请你给他写一封信，包括以下内容：
1．介绍中文名字的特点；
2．给他取一个中文名字并给出理由。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jim，
I"m very glad to hear that you will come to visit China.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Jim，
I"m_very_glad_to_hear_that_you_will_come_to_visit_China. There is no doubt that a Chinese name will help you better fit in with the culture in our country.
A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often carry some special significance or expectations.Unlike an English name, the family name is usually put first.And then a given name follows.As you are kind, smart and energetic, I think Li Yang is most suitable for you.The family name is one of those shared by the largest number of Chinese.The given name means the sun in Chinese.
I hope you will like your new name and have a really good time in China.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．shallow adj. 浅的；浅薄的
2．sharpen v. 使锐利，削尖
3．shelter n. 掩蔽处，躲避处
4．shortcoming n. 缺点；短处
5．sight n. 情景，风景；视力
6．sightseeing n. 游览；观光
7．sign n. 符号，标记
8．signal n. 信号，暗号；手势
9．significance n. 含义；意义；重要性
10．silence n. 安静，沉默
11．similar adj. 相似的，像
12．simplify vt. 使简化，使简易
13．sincerely adv. 真诚地，由衷地，诚恳地
14．situation n. 形势，情况
15．smooth adj. 光滑的，平坦的
16．society n. 社会
17．species n. 物种
18．specific adj. 明确的，具体的；独特的
19．speech n. 演讲
20．sponsor n. 赞助商；主办(单位)
vt. 赞助；发起
21．stable adj. 稳固的，牢固的
22．stadium n. (露天)体育场
23．standard n. 标准
adj. 标准的
24．starvation n. 饥饿；饿死
25．statement n. 声明；陈述
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．out of place 不适当的；位置不当
out of sight 看不见
out of control 失控
out of date 过时
out of order 出毛病
out of patience 不耐烦，失去耐心
out of question 没问题；毫无疑问
out of work 失业
out of touch 失去联系
2．pick up 拾起，捡起；(用车)接人；学会；改善；
增加(速度等)
pick out 挑选出；分辨出
Ⅲ.写作句式
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
1．(天津高考书面表达)Doing the same sports on the playground gives us the opportunity to promote our friendship.
在操场上做同样的体育活动给我们提供了促进友谊的机会。
2．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.
我是一名中国学生，我计划暑假期间去英国的一所暑期学校学习。
3．(陕西高考书面表达)The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.
这个节目的目的是培养我们学习英语的兴趣，提高听、说的能力。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·张家口三模)假如你是班长李华，你们班准备参加学校下个月举办的“英文话剧比赛(English Drama Contest)”，但尚未确定参演剧目，请你给外教Louis写封邮件，内容包括：
1．活动意义；
2．征求建议；
3．请其指导。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Louis，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Louis，
I am Li Hua, monitor of Class 4.I am writing to ask for your timely help about the coming English Drama Contest.
It is a great chance for us to practice spoken English and unite the whole class.But we haven"t chosen the right play to prepare.So I hope you can provide some valuable advice and help us pick a good one.Besides, we would really appreciate it very much if you could come and give us some guidance on how to perform.I am sure, with your help, we will make progress rapidly.
Your timely help means a lot to us.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．statistics n． 统计数字，统计资料；统计学
2．status n. 身份，地位；情形，状况
3．steady adj. 稳的，平稳的；稳固的
4．steep adj. 险峻的，陡峭的
5．straightforward adj. 简单的，坦率的
adv. 坦率地
6．stranger n. 陌生人；外人
7．struggle n. 斗争；挣扎
v. 斗争；奋斗；挣扎
8．stubborn adj. 固执的，倔强的
9．studio n. 工作室，演播室
10．submit vt. 呈送，提交；主张，建议
vi. 听从，屈服(与to连用)
11．subscribe v. 订阅，订购(书、报刊等)(to)；
捐助，赞助；签署
12．substitute n. [C] 代替品，代替者(for)
vt.& vi. 代替，取代
13．succeed vi. 成功
14．suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
15．sunlight n. 日光，阳光
16．sunny adj. 晴朗的，阳光充足的
17．sunrise n. 黎明，拂晓
18．sunset n. 日落(时分)
19．sunshine n. 阳光
20．super adj. 顶好的，超级的
21．superb adj. 卓越的，质量极高的
22．superior adj. 更胜一筹的
n. 上级，上司
23．supermarket n. 超级市场
24．supply vt.& n. 供给，供应
25．support vt.& n. 支持；赞助
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．point of view 观点
point out 指出
point to 指向
to the point 中肯；切题
on the point of 正要……的时候
2．put away 放好；收起来
put down 记下；平息
put out 扑灭；出版
put on 穿上；上演；增加
put off 延期，拖延
put through 完成；接通电话
put forward 提出(建议)；拨快(钟等)
put aside 节省；储蓄，储存
put in 加入，放入
put up 举起；建造；张贴，公布；投宿
put up with (＝stand/bear/tolerate)
忍受
3．reach out 伸出(手)，伸手拿
reach out one"s hand for sth. 伸手拿某物
within sb."s reach ＝ within the reach of sb.
某人手够得到的地方；在某人能力范围之内
Ⅲ.写作句式
非谓语动词作定语
1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)I can speak fluent English and I am the first student in my class to go abroad for further study.
我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。
2．(北京高考书面表达)It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.
它给像你和我一样的青少年提供了一个享受运动和了解中国文化的机会。
3．(北京高考书面表达)A week before Earth Day, a big poster was put up on campus, calling upon us students to take action for a greener earth.
在“地球日”前的一周，我们学校就贴出大海报，号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。
4．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) I am writing to tell you that I can"t go to the bookstore with you at our appointed time.
我写信是想告诉你， 我不能按我们约好的时间和你一块逛书店了。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·衡水中学一模)假定你是李华，你的外国笔友Jack 在网上看到了中国学生疫情中做家务的照片，发来邮件想了解你的相关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1．你做的家务；
2．家人的态度；
3．你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇： epidemic n．传染病
Dear Jack，
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Jack，
Delighted that you are interested in the pictures concerning Chinese students doing housework, I"m writing to share with you my present life in this aspect.
Personally, apart from online learning during the epidemic days, I took an active part in fulfilling my duty of doing housework.By making beds, sweeping the floor and watering flowers, I have not only gained some labour skills, but also felt a strong sense of achievement.I even came to find my talent of being a chef, which greatly pleased my parents. They have praised me, saying that they have never been so relaxed.Actually, doing housework helps me realize how much my parents have done for my comfortable life.That"s why I have decided to keep my family role as a life­
long habit.
Best_wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．suppose vt. 猜想，假定；料想
2．surrounding adj. 周围的
3．survey n. 调查；概述
4．survival n. 存活下来；生存者，残存物
5．suspect n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑分子
v. 怀疑
6．swallow v. 吞下，咽下
n. 燕子
7．switch v. 转换，转变
n. 开关，电闸；转换器
8．symbol n. 符号，记号；象征
9．sympathy n. 同情，怜悯，慰问
10．symptom n. 症状
11．system n. 体系；系统
12．systematic adj. 系统的，有条理的
13．talent n. 天才；天赋
14．target n. 目标，靶子
vt. 瞄准
15．tasty adj. 味道好的
16．technology n. 技术
17．temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的，非永久的
18．temptation n. 引诱；诱惑
19．tendency n. 趋向，倾向
20．tense adj. 紧张的
v. 拉紧，使肌肉变得绷紧
n. 时态
21．thrill n．& v. 兴奋，激动
22．tolerate vt. 忍受，容忍，宽恕
23．total adj. 总数的，总括的，完全的
n. 合计，总计
v. 合计为
24．tourist n. 旅游者；观光者
25．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．run away from 跑掉；逃避
run out of 用完，用尽
run out 用完
run across 穿过；偶然碰到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇到
2．set down 写下，记下，登记
set about doing sth./set out to do sth.
开始做某事，着手做某事
set out 出发；开始
set up 建立；树立；设立
set sb.free 释放某人
set fire to/set ...on fire 放火烧……
set off 引爆；出发，动身
set aside 搁置，把……放在一旁；留出
3．show up 露面，出现
show ...in 带或领……进来
show sb.into 领某人进入
show sb.out 领某人出去
show sb.around/round some place
领某人参观某地
show off 炫耀，显示
Ⅲ.写作句式
非谓语动词作状语
1．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)He carried the popcorn in his small bike, going from door to door to sell.
他用他的小自行车装着爆米花，挨家挨户地去售卖。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing the letter, hoping to inform you of some relevant details.
我写这封信，希望能提醒你一些相关的细节。
3．(天津高考书面表达)Looking back on the past two weeks, we can"t help thinking of the heated discussions we had in class.
回顾过去的两周，我们情不自禁想起了我们在课堂上进行的那些激烈的讨论。
4．(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Actually, I have been expecting to meet you on Sunday to have a good time.
实际上，我一直期望能在周日和你见面，一起度过一段美好的时光。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·邯郸市一模)假定你是李华，你校英国交换生Peter打算加入你校围棋社团(Go Club)。请你给他写一封电子邮件，告知他相关信息，内容包括：
1．报名方式；
2．报名资格；
3．社团活动介绍。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Peter，
I"m Li Hua.Knowing you"ve intended to join the Go Club in our school, I"m more than delighted to inform you of the related information.
First, you can sign up for the club either by calling the club office at 8759632 or applying on the website.Besides, anyone in our school who is interested in Go can have a membership.There are some activities held regularly.For example, you can not only learn how to play Go as a new member under the instruction of our coaches but also can take part in all kinds of Go competitions to win a prize.
Hope the letter will be of great benefit to you.We warmly welcome you.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．tradition n． [U，C]惯例，传统
2．traffic n. 交通，来往车辆
3．translation n. 翻译；译文
4．transparent adj. 透明的；清澈的
5．transplant vt. 移植
6．transport vt.& n. 运输
7．treasure n. 金银财宝；珍宝，贵重物品
vt. 重视，珍惜
8．treat vt. 对待，看待
9．tremble vi. 颤抖，抖动
10．trust vt.& n. 相信，信任，信赖
11．typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的
12．unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
13．uncertain adj. 不确定的
14．uncomfortable adj. 令人不舒服的
15．unconscious adj. 不省人事的；未发觉的；无意识的
16．undertake vt. 承担，从事，负责
17．unemployment n. 失业，失业状态
18．unfair adj. 不公平的，不公正的
19．unfortunate adj. 不幸的
20．universal adj. 普遍的
21．university n. 大学
22．urge v. 极力主张，强烈要求；催促；激励
n. 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求
23．vacant adj. 未被占用的，空着的；(职位等)空缺的；(神情等)茫然的
24．vacation n. 假期；休假
25．various adj. 各种各样的；各种不同的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
2．take over 接替，接管
take up 占用(时间、空间)；从事
take out 拿出，取出
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
take one"s place 就座；代替某人的职位
take it easy 别紧张，别着急
take one"s time 别急，慢慢来
take off 脱掉；起飞；成功
take part in 参加
take pride in 因……而自豪
take away (from) 拿走；使停留，使离开
take in 欺骗；摄取；收留
take on 雇用；接受(工作)；呈现(品质、面貌)
Ⅲ.写作句式
非谓语动词作补语
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
总之，我真诚地邀请您到我们学校来亲自看看。
2．(四川高考书面表达)With birds singing in the tree and everything so green, I feel very delighted and relaxed.
鸟儿在树上歌唱，满眼绿色，我感到既快乐又放松。
3．The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·柳州三模试题)假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom即将作为交换生到你们学校学习一年。他向你询问你们学校开设的哪些课程或活动有助于他了解中国文化。请你给他写封回信，内容包括：
1．对他即将到来表示欢迎；
2．介绍有助于他了解中国文化的课程或活动；
3．表达期待和祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Tom，
I"m more than delighted to know you"ll study with us.I can"t wait to see you.Now let me introduce some of our courses which will surely help deepen your understanding of Chinese culture.
First of all, I may suggest Chinese calligraphy, for each character tells a story of culture.While practicing writing them, you can not only appreciate the beauty of calligraphy but also enrich your spirit world.Another course I"d recommend to you is Beijing Opera.It offers you access to Chinese opera history and the main characters of this traditional Chinese theatre.
Best wishes to you! Looking forward to your early arrival.
Yours，
Li_Hua

Ⅰ.高考阅读和完形高频词汇
1．victim n． 受害人；牺牲者；牺牲品
2．view n. 看法，见解；风景，景色
3．viewpoint n. 观点
4．violate v. 违反(法律、协议等)；侵犯
5．violence n. 暴力，暴力行为
6．virtue n. 美德，优点
7．visitor n. 访问者；参观者
8．vital adj. 生死攸关的；重大的，至关重要的；生命的
9．vocabulary n. 词汇，词汇表
10．volunteer n. 义工，志愿者
v. 无偿做……；志愿做……
11．voyage n. 航行；旅行
12．wander vi. 漫游，游荡；漫步；流浪
13．warm­hearted adj. 热心的
14．weakness n. 软弱
15．wealthy adj. 富裕的
16．welfare n. 幸福；福利
17．well­known adj. 出名的，众所周知的
18．widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的
19．withdraw vt. 收回，撤回，撤离
20．witness vt. 目击，目睹
n. 见证人，目击者
21．wonder v. 对……疑惑，感到惊奇；想知道
n. 惊讶，惊叹；奇迹
22．workforce n. 劳动力
23．world­famous adj. 世界闻名的
24．worldwide adj. 遍及全球的，世界范围的
25．worthy adj. 值得的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．turn up 出现；开大(音量)
turn on 打开(电灯等)
turn off 关上(电灯等)
turn down 调低(音量)；拒绝
turn over 翻转；移交
turn in 交出；上交
turn to 求助于；翻到；转向
turn into 变成
2．use up 用完，花光
wake up 醒来
go up 上涨
mix up 混淆；弄乱；搅匀，拌，和
build up 建立，增强
stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
Ⅲ.写作句式
常用的介词短语结构
1．With the development of science and technology, communication has become more and more convenient.
随着科技的发展，交流变得越来越方便。
2．By doing so, I have accumulated large quantities of English materials.
通过这样做我积累了大量的英语资料。
3．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了伟大成就。
4．Qianmen Street, with a history of 600 years old, is 800 meters in length, along which there are more than 300 shops.
前门大街有600年历史，有800米长，沿街有300多家店铺。
Ⅳ.应用文佳作(普通邮件)
(2020·桂林联合模拟考试)假定你是李华， 你的留学生朋友 Steven 打算在你市找一家中国餐馆庆祝生日。为此， 他发邮件向你打听相关事宜。请你用英语给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1．表达祝愿；
2．推荐餐馆(地址、价格、菜肴等)；
3．建议预订。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Steven，
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Steven，
I"m glad to know your birthday is coming and I want to give you my sincere wishes and express “Happy birthday” to you.
In order to have a great birthday, it"s necessary for you to find a suitable restaurant.Now, let me share one with you.There is a good restaurant near the city library, the price of which is cheaper compared with many other Chinese restaurants.More importantly, the dishes there such as fish, beef and seasonal vegetables are very good.Some of my friends think they are delicious after eating there.Because there are many guests going to the restaurant, I suggest you book it in advance.I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
附：高频不规则动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词表
在高考冲刺阶段，考生在一些基础的内容上反而容易出错，在此笔者总结了高中阶段考生易写错的动词过去式、过去分词和现在分词，以供广大考生查漏补缺。