人教版高中英语必修第二册19年版Unit3Theinternet词汇语法

一、词汇梳理
blog /blɡ/ n. 博客 vi. 写博客
blog post 博文；博客帖子
When Barbieux started his blog, his aspirations were small; he simply hoped to communicate with a few people.
当巴尔比厄开通他的博客时，他的期望并不大。他只是希望能和一些人交流交流。
In his Sunday blog post, Drummond also pointed out that a union of Microsoft and Yahoo!.
在他周日的博文中，德拉蒙德也指出了微软和雅虎的联盟。
engine /"endn/ n. 引擎；发动机；火车头
search engine （互联网上的）搜索引擎
He got into the driving seat and started theengine. 他坐进驾驶位，发动引擎。
The car has a new engine.
这辆汽车的发动机是新的。
The engine of the train left the rails at a curve.
火车头在拐弯处脱轨。
This is called search engine optimization or SEO.
这就是搜索引擎优化，又叫SEO。
chat /tt/ vi. 聊天；闲聊
He’s chatting with his dad. 他在和他爸爸闲聊。
stream /strim/ vt. 流播（不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频）；流出
vi. 流动 n. 小河；溪流
This software allows customers to stream videos and music. 这个软件支持用户播放视频和音乐。
Tears streamed down their faces.
泪水顺着他们的脸颊流下来。
There was a small stream at the end of the garden.
花园的尽头有一条小河。
identity /a"dentt/ n. 身份；个性
identity card 身份证
There is no clue to the identity of the thief.
没有确定窃贼身份的线索。
He turned and offered his identity card.
他转过身来，出示了他的身份证。
convenient /kn"vinnt/ adj. 方便的；近便的
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 你方便明天开始工作吗？
cash /k/ n. 现金；金钱
I have no cash on me. May I pay by cheque?
我没有带现金。可以用支票付吗？
update /p"deit/ vt. 更新；向……提供最新信息
n. 更新；最新消息
It’s about time we updated our software.
我们的软件应该更新了。
We’ll update you on the day’s top news stories. 我们将为您提供当天的头条新闻。
database /"detbes/ n. 数据库；资料库
The state maintains a database of names of people allowed to vote.
该州有一个选民名单数据库。
software /"sftwe(r)/ n. 软件
It’s cheaper to buy software bundled with a PC than separately.
购买和个人电脑一起捆绑销售的软件要比单买便宜。
network /"netw(r)k/ n. （互联）网络；网状系统；人际网
vt. 将……连接成网络；联播
vi. 建立工作关系
The office network allows users to share files and software. 办公室网络让用户共享文件和软件。
Lumsdon would like to see his programme sold and networked.
拉姆斯敦希望看到自己的节目卖出，并进行联播。
In business, it is important to network with as many people as possible.
在生意场上，与尽可能多的人建立关系很重要。
keep sb company 陪伴某人
My sister has come from America to keep me company during my illness.
我姐姐从美国回来了，在我生病期间陪我。
surf /s(r)f/ n. 浏览；冲浪
I was surfing the Net looking for information on Indian music. 我正上网查找关于印度音乐的资料。
I’m going to buy a surfboard and learn to surf.
我要买个冲浪板学习冲浪。
benefit /"benft/ n. 益处
vt. 使受益
vi. 得益于
The new regulations will be of great benefit to us all. 新规章对我们大家都会大有好处。
These facilities have benefited the whole town.
这些设施使全城受益。
Both sides have benefited from the talks.
双方都从谈判中获益。
distance /"dstns/ n. 距离
What’s the distance between New York City and Boston?
纽约市离波士顿有多远？
inspire /n"spa(r)/ vt. 鼓舞；激励；启发思考
The actors’ enthusiasm inspired the kids.
演员们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。
Jimi Hendrix inspired a generation of guitarists.
吉米·亨德里克斯启发了整整一代吉他演奏者。
now that 既然；由于
Now that you are here, you’d better stay.
既然你已经来了，最好还是留下。
access /"kses/ n. 通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会
vt. 进入；使用；获取
You need a password to get access to the computer system. 使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
You’ve illegally accessed and misused confidential security files.
你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。
charity /"trt/ n. 慈善；慈善机构（或组织）
Gooch will be raising money for charity.
古奇将进行慈善募捐。
The National Trust is a registered charity.
全国托管协会是个已注册的慈善机构。
go through 经历；度过；通读
He was going through a very difficult time.
他正处于非常艰难的时期。
Going through his list of customers is a massive job. 查阅他的客户名单是个相当费劲的活儿。
tough /tf/ adj. 艰难的；严厉的
It’s tough finding a job these days.
近来很难找到工作。
The school takes a tough line on cheating.
学校对作弊行为的惩罚很严厉。
province /"prvns/ n. 省
Canada has ten provinces.
加拿大有十个省。
conference /"knfrns/ n. 会议；研讨会；正式会谈
The hotel is used for exhibitions, conferences and social events.
这家饭店用于举行展览、大型会议和社交活动。
resident /"rezdnt/ n. 居民；（美国的）住院医生
adj. （在某地）居住的
The hotel bar was only open to residents.
这家旅馆的酒吧只对居民开放。
She’s resident aboard.
她居住在国外。
plus /pls/ conj. 而且；此外
n. 加号；优势
prep. 加，另加
I’ve got too much work. Plus my father is not well. 我工作负担太重了，而且我父亲身体也不好。
He put a plus instead of a minus.
他填了个加号而不是减号。
Knowledge of French is a plus in her job.
通晓法文使她在工作中占优势。
Two plus five is seven.
二加五等于七。
function /"fkn/ n. 功能；作用；机能
vi. 起作用；正常工作；运转
The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.
心脏的功能是把血液输往全身。
This machine has stopped functioning.
这机器坏了。
battery /"btr/ n. 电池
This pocket calculator needs two batteries.
这个袖珍计算器需要两节电池。
confirm /kn"f(r)m/ vt. 确认；使确信
The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。
Wi-Fi /"wa fa/ n. 无线保真（用无线电波而非网线
在计算机网络传输数据的系统）
This spacious room has free Wi-Fi access and a private bathroom.
这间宽敞的客房提供免费无线网络连接和一间私人浴室。
press /pres/ vt. 按；压；敦促
She pressed her face against the window.
她把脸贴在窗户上。
The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.银行正在催我们偿还贷款。
button /"btn/ n. 按钮；纽扣
Which button do I press to turn the radio on?
我按哪个按钮才能打开收音机？
The fuse blew as he pressed the button.
他刚一按下按钮，保险丝就烧断了。
file /fal/ n. 文件；文件夹；档案
Every file on the same disk must have a different name.
同一磁盘上的每一个文件都必须有不同的文件名。
You should make a copy of the file as a backup.
你应该将文件复制作为备份。
in shape 状况良好
I really want to get in shape before summer.
我真的很想在夏季到来之前把身体练得棒棒的。
keep track of 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
Police keep track of the kidnapper using electronic surveillance equipment.
警方利用电子监视设备跟踪绑架者。
With eleven thousand employees, it’s very difficult to keep track of them all.
对于一支1.1万人的员工队伍，很难及时了解到所有人的动态。
discount /"dskant/ n. 折扣
vt. 打折
We give a 10% discount for cash.
现金付款，我们予以九折优惠。
Tour prices are being discounted as much as 33%. 旅行价格打了6.7折之多。
account /"kant/ n. 账户；描述
I don’t have an email account.
我没有电子邮件账户。
She gave the police a full account of the incident.
她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
click /klk/ vt. & vi. 点击
I clicked on a link and recent reviews of the movie came up.
我点击了一个链接，这部电影的最新评论弹了出来。
theft /θeft/ n. 偷（窃）；盗窃罪
Police are investigating the theft of computers from the company’s offices.
警方正在调查这家公司办公室里的计算机失窃案。
Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.
她的助手被警方指控犯有盗窃罪和欺诈罪。
rude /rud/ adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的
Why are you so rude to your mother?
你为什么对你的母亲这么没礼貌？
target /"tɑɡt/ n. 目标；对象；靶子
vt. 把……作为攻击目标
It’s a prime target for terrorist attacks.
这是恐怖分子攻击的首要目标。
The missiles were mainly targeted at the United States. 导弹主要瞄准的是美国。
false /fls/ adj. 假的；错误的
She gave false information to the insurance company. 她向保险公司提供了不真实的资料。
particular /p"tkjl(r)/ adj. 特定的；特别的；讲究的
Is there any particular colour you would prefer?
你有什么特别喜欢的颜色吗？
She’s very particular about what she wears.
她对穿着很讲究。
make fun of 取笑；戏弄
I’d make fun of her dress and imitate her speech.
我会取笑她的衣服，并模仿她说话。
upset /p"set/ adj. 心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的
vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
There’s no point getting upset about it.
犯不着为此事心烦。
The whole incident had upset us terribly.
整个事件搞得我们都心烦意乱。
guideline /"ɡadlan/ n. 准则；指导原则
The government should issue clear guidelines on the content of religious education.
政府应当就宗教教育的内容颁布明确的指导原则。
author /"θ(r)/ n. 作者；作家
Haruki Murakami is Japan’s best-selling author.
村上春树是日本的畅销书作家。
tip /tp/ n. 忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
It shows how to prepare a CV, and gives tips on applying for jobs.
它说明了如何准备简历，并就如何申请职位提了些建议。
familiar /f"mli(r)/ adj. 熟悉；熟知
He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
他谈起其他文化时似乎比对他自己的文化还要熟悉。
keep (...) in mind 牢记
We must keep in mind that we are not children any more, and we should be independent.
我们必须牢记，我们不再是孩子，我们应该独立了。
case /kes/ n. 盒；箱；情况；案件
I bought a jewellery case for my mother.
我给妈妈买了一个首饰盒。
Exhibits in museums are often displayed in glass cases. 博物馆中的展品常摆放在玻璃橱里。
In some cases people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment.
在某些情况下，人们必须等上好几周才能得到约见。
The police are investigating a murder case.
警方正在调查一桩谋杀案。
二、佳句再现
1. At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. 50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在
家里，只有电脑相伴。
此句结构为“find 宾语 宾补”，out of work和stuck at home是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语herself的处境。with only her computer to keep her company是“with 名词 to do”结构，在句中做stuck的伴随状语。
find oneself … 不知不觉间发现自己……
例句：I walked and walked along the street, and about 30 minutes later, I found myself at the school gate.
我在街上走啊走，大约半小时后我发现自己来到了学校大门口。
When she woke up, she found herself lying in a hospital bed.
当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在一家医院的病床上。
2. She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove the distance that usually exists between people.
她意识到互联网的最大好处之一就是能够消除通常存在于人和人之间的距离感。
这是一个复合句。realised之后由that引导了一个宾语从句，宾语从句中one of the greatest benefits of the Internet是主语，its ability是表语，被动词不定式短语to remove the distance that usually exists between people所修饰，动词不定式短语中又包含了由that引导的定语从句，修饰the distance。
例句：It is a proverb we should always keep in mind that honesty is the best policy.
“诚实为上策”是一句我们应时刻谨记在心的箴言。
It is reported that one third of the city’s citizens plan to buy a private car.
据报道，三分之一的市民打算购买私家车。
3. She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. 她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人们学习使用电脑和互联网。
句中的she met online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰前面的名词the people。
so ... that ... 如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果，通常位于主句之后。so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，具体搭配如下：
so 形容词/副词 that 从句
so 形容词/副词 (a/an) 单数可数名词 that 从句
例如：The movie is so interesting that I want to watch it again.
这部电影如此有趣以至于我想再看一遍。
He is so lovely a boy that everyone likes him. 他是如此可爱的一个男孩，以至于每个人都喜欢他。
4. She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows
how to use new technology. 她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每个人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术，是非常重要的。
本句中bridge、divide和access既可以用作名词又可以用作动词。
bridge一般用作名词，本句作动词，意思是“架起桥梁、消除（隔阂）”。
例句：Cultural exchanges are building bridges between different areas and countries.
文化交流正在不同地区和国家之间建立纽带。（用作名词）
She is trying her best to bridge the generation gap with her mother.
她在努力消除和妈妈之间的代沟。（用作动词）
divide多用作动词，此处用作名词，意思是“差异；分歧”。
例句：There is a clear divide between the two countries on that issue.
在那个问题上两个国家存在明显的分歧。
access在句中作名词，意思是“（使用的）机会或权利”。
例句：People in big cities usually have a better access to good resources.
大城市的人们通常有更多机会使用好的资源。
5. I imagine that TV Me would be more popular.
我猜TV Me这个应用程序会更受欢迎一些。
I imagine that … 这是imagine后面接了一个that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略，imagine在句中意为：想，猜，认为，从句中多用would/could 动词原形表示一种猜想或推测。类似表达还有：I
guess(猜) /suppose(认为)/believe(我相信) that ...；My guess would be /is that ...。例句：
I believe this app could help me get thinner. 相信这个app可以帮助我变瘦。
6. Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 今天我想在博客上提一个已经被问过很多次的问题——在网上如何保证自身安全以及如何避免不好的经历？
has been asked为现在完成时的被动语态，表示这个问题从过去到现在一直有人问，以后还可能会被问到，其结构为have/has been 动词过去分词。
例句：His bike has been stolen.
他的自行车被偷了。
7. Don’t give out your address or phone number.
不要透露你的地址或电话号码。
give out此处意思为“公开；透露（信息）”。此外其他含义有：①分发，发放=hand out；②用完，耗尽=run out；③停止运转，停止运行；④释放，
发出（气体、热量、气味等）=give off。例句：
There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. 有人在入口处发放传单。
All machines give out eventually.
最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。
Boiling water gives out steams.
开水散发出蒸汽。
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked.
然而，你越礼貌，你受到攻击的可能性就越小。
the more ... the less ...为句型“the 形容词比较级 ... the 形容词比较级”（越…… 越……）的变体。例句：
The more time you spend on study, the less likely you will make mistakes.
花在学习上的时间越多，犯错误的机会就越少。
9. A cyberbully uses the Internet to be mean to others. 网络恶霸使用互联网来欺负别人。
mean此处为形容词，意思是“刻薄的；吝啬小气的”。
例如：Don’t be so mean to him!
不要对他那么刻薄！
It is mean of you not to invite her to your birthday party!
你真够小气的，生日聚会没邀请她！
三、语法讲解：
1.“find 宾语 宾补”的用法
“find 宾语 宾补”这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词/代词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to be等来充当，用以补充说明宾语。
例如：You will find her a beautiful girl.
你会发现她是一个漂亮的女孩。
I find English not so hard.
我发现英语没有很难。
We found him waiting for us outside the
gate. 我们发现他在门外等我们。
They found themselves locked in a house.
他们发现自己被锁在了屋子里。
2.复合句
概念：主句 从句=复合句。复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子。其中主句是一个完整的句子，可以独立存在；从句是一个不完整的句子，必须和主句连用，不能独立存在。
从句的分类：根据从句在复合句中充当的成分来分类，一般分为三大类型：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
在整个复合句中起名词作用，充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的从句统称为名词性从句；形容词性从句又叫定语从句；副词性从句也称为状语从句。
例如：He answered that he knew nothing about
it. 他回答说他对此一无所知。（宾语从句）
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦的是我弄丢了他的地址。（表语从句）
He was rather pleased when he won that
prize. 他获奖后相当开心。（状语从句）
She was not in the train that arrived just
now.
她不在刚到的那辆火车上。（定语从句）
3.现在完成时的被动语态
主动语态表示主语为动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态是指说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，但主语是行为动作的承受者。例如：
Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.（被动）
People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.（主动）
Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. （被动）
The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life. （主动）
一、现在完成时的被动语态的转变规则
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2. 把谓语变成被动结构（have/has been v-ed）。
3. 把主动语态的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格
改为宾格。
例句：They have washed the dirty clothes.
→The dirty clothes have been washed (by them).
The experts have studied the plan for three times.
→The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
二、现在完成时的被动语态的结构形式
例句：Two windows have been broken.
The car has not been repaired.
Has her work been finished?
Who has been invited?
三、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法
1. 表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响或结果，经常与一些副词连用，如already, ever, never, recently, lately, just,
yet等。例句：
Tom’s novel has not yet been published.
汤姆的小说还没有出版。
2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long ...?句型中。例句：
She has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉她这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉她）
四、现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1. 过去分词前的助动词形式，即 have/has been，两者缺一不可。
2. 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例句：
The house was built last year.
这个房子去年建好了。
The house has been built. We can move in.
这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。
3. 由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, marry, open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days, how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。例句：
译：这个花瓶买了多久了？
误：How long has this vase been bought?
正：How long ago was this vase bought?
但这类动词的否定式可与since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例句：
No flowers have been bought since last week.
自上周以来，没有人来买过花。
4. 短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例句：
The kids have been well looked after.
这些小孩一直受到很好的照顾。
5. 不是所有动词都可以用被动语态，如happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。有些动词如open，break，
drop等不强调动作发出者时，我们通常用主动语态。例句：
Something bad has happened to him.
The door has opened of itself.